Four major problems in fertilization of fruit trees

First, the amount of fertilizer is not scientific

Fertilization standards are difficult to reunify everywhere. Most fruit farmers only use experience and reference materials to fertilize. Excessive fertilization often occurs, causing difficulties in flowering and growing flowers. Some are excessively rich in phosphate, causing zinc deficiency; some are excessive potassium fertilizer, causing calcium deficiency. And other physical symptoms.

Improvement method: Abandon the original outdated fertilization standard. The amount of organic fertilizer applied per mu is measured by the amount. Do not use kilograms or kilograms. The difference of organic fertilizers due to different types and wet and dry is not measured by weight. The amount of fertilizer used in the mu should be determined according to the yield and quality. In the small year, the nitrogen fertilizer should be less. In the new year, the nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium should be balanced. According to the amount of various elements consumed by the fruit, the difference between the soil and the soil will fluctuate by 20% to 30%. . According to the study, 2500 kg of apples per mu need to be applied with 3 to 5 organic fertilizers. For every 100 kg of apples, 1.5 kg of nitrogen, 0.8 kg of phosphorus and 1.25 kg of potassium are required. According to Jia Jingxian of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 2,500 kg of pears per mu are needed, 3 parts of organic fertilizer, 12 to 13 kg of nitrogen, 8 kg of phosphorus, and 10 kg of potassium; the high-yield garden of peaches has 3 organic fertilizers, and the nitrogen is 17.5 to 20 kg. Phosphorus 15.2 kg and potassium 27.8 kg. The principle of compound fertilizer fertilization meets the minimum nutrient content, and the nutrient content is supplemented with elemental fertilizer. For example, if the nitrogen in the compound fertilizer is not enough, it can be supplemented with urea. Fertilization formula (based on 2,500 kg of fruit per acre): required amount of elemental fertilizer / percentage of the element in the fertilizer.

Second, the fertilizer mix is ​​unreasonable

Fruit trees require a variety of elements, of which nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium are the most important. The ratio of apple, pear, nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium is 1:0.5:1, and peach is 10:3～4:13～16. Many fruit farmers only pay attention to nitrogen and phosphorus, and ignore potassium and trace elements. It is difficult to improve the quality and the phenomenon of large and small years is serious.

Improvement method: On the basis of the application of sufficient amount of organic fertilizer, the three elements should be applied in a reasonable and scientific manner. If there are symptoms of deficiency, it must be combined with the application of organic fertilizer to supplement trace elements or external application. Conditional fertilization can be carried out on soil testing.

Third, the period of fertilization is not scientific

Many fruit farmers do not pay attention to the autumn fertilizer, and they do not pay much attention to the staged fertilization, which directly affects the quality and yield of the fruit. The advantages of autumn-based base fertilizer: First, fruit trees can absorb the fertilizer applied in the autumn root growth period. The second is the autumn base fertilizer, the root of the wound can heal in time, and the impact on the tree potential is small. In the spring, the base fertilizer is the opposite. The applied fertilizer can not be absorbed and utilized at the time, and when the roots are broken, it affects the tree potential and even affects the fruit set and flower bud differentiation. The significance of staged fertilization is also very important. One-time fertilization will inevitably result in waste of fertilizer and even fat damage.

Improvement method: Generally speaking, during the fertilization period, it is necessary to pay attention to the autumn application of base fertilizer, 60% to 80% of phosphate fertilizer, which should be applied in the form of base fertilizer, with a small amount of nitrogen and potassium fertilizer, 60% of nitrogen fertilizer in spring, summer fruit expansion period and flower bud differentiation. Appropriate amount of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium should be applied. Most of the potassium fertilizer should be applied 20 days before the fruit expansion period and fruit coloring.

Fourth, improper application of fertilizer and watering

In the production, many fruit farmers pay more attention to the fertilization work, but often ignore the watering work. Although there are many fertilizations, the soil is dry and can not exert the fertilizer effect to the maximum extent, which has a great impact on the fruit yield and quality.

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