1. Rice paddy rice and dry-fertilization special fertilizer rice is the main food crop in China. The annual area of ​​Dianchi Lake accounts for about 1/10 - 1/7 of the rice area. In the nursery, many areas are burnt due to improper fertilization every year. Phenomenon, delay planting and transplanting season; increase fertilizer costs, resulting in reduced rice production. Moreover, due to zinc deficiency during rice planting every year, it is easy to cause rice seedlings to not occur, which affects rice yield. Therefore, through the test, the special fertilizer for Dianchi Lake was screened and packaged in 25 kg per bag, which is convenient for farmers to purchase. Practice has proved that the recommended amount of Putian is 30-40 g/m 2 for nitrogen, P 2 O 5 15-20 g/m 2 , K 2 O50 g / m 2 ; proper application of Zn and SiO 2 fertilizer, effective Zn application rate 0.20 — 0.40 mg / kg; effective SiO 2 application rate 32 - 68 mg / kg. In the rice paddy fields in the north, acid-adjusting agents (pH 4 to pH 4.5 with sulfuric acid) are often applied and the compound is applied to the field to prevent the rice seedlings from blighting. The cultivation of strong seedlings is an important part of the promotion of rice throwing technology. Rice throwing cultivation has been widely promoted in China, and it is a new rice cultivation technology that saves labor and saves production and increases efficiency.
2. Balanced fertilization technology for throwing rice cultivation In the whole growth period of transplanted rice, according to the difference of soil fertility, the total amount of pure nitrogen is controlled at 150-165 kg/ha, and the application of base fertilizer, tiller fertilizer and panicle fertilizer 3-4 times, phosphate fertilizer It is P 2 O 5 48 kg / ha, potassium fertilizer is K 2 O 67.5 kg / ha, and the field of seedlings is 162 stems / m 2 , and the proportion of nitrogen fertilizer as top dressing is 4: 6 and 3.5: 6.5 treatment has obvious yield increasing effect. . The purpose of transplanting rice is to increase the tillering rate of rice and increase the utilization rate of nitrogen. According to the test results of Fenghua in Zhejiang, the proportion of base fertilizer, the first split fertilizer, the second fertilizer and the fertilizer application rate of 4: 2.3: 1.9: 1.8, the highest yield, the ear formation rate is 68.0%, and the effective spike is 404/ m 2 , indicating that the above fertilization method can make the throwing rice balance growth, the population structure is reasonable, can significantly increase the tillering rate, increase the effective ear, increase the seed setting rate, and obtain high yield.
Increasing the proportion of potassium application and applying topdressing to potassium fertilizer base are also important technical measures to promote the balanced growth of transplanted rice. Experiments show that with the increase of potassium application rate, the lower internodes of transplanted rice are obviously shortened, but the unit dry matter is increased. This indicates that the rice stems are thicker and firmer, which is beneficial to enhance the lodging resistance and the yield is also significantly improved.
Rice special fertilizer formula technology According to years of research across the country, the following scientific formulas have a large area of ​​promotion and a high yield increase.
(1) Early rice: Early rice special compound fertilizer formula is N: P 2 O 5 : K2O =1 : 0.5 : 1 , which is the recommended formula.
(2) Late rice: The formula of special compound fertilizer for late rice is N: P 2 O 5 : K2O =1 : 0.3 : 1 , the formula is formulated in this proportion, and the economic benefit is the highest; for the zinc-deficient area of ​​rice, it is necessary to add a small amount according to the actual situation. Zinc sulphate is made into a special fertilizer for zinc-containing rice.
(3) Rice organic-inorganic special compound fertilizer formula: Rice organic-inorganic special formula fertilizer is based on different farming systems, the demand for nutrients in rice and various growth and development periods, and the supply of nutrients in the soil, and the field in many years. The test results obtained. In the choice of organic fertilizer, the company mainly uses waste materials such as: tobacco stems, sugar residue, pig manure, chaff and other organic fertilizers, and organic nutrients and inorganic nutrients are compounded in a certain proportion to produce a special formula. It not only has the advantages of reasonable nutrient content of inorganic fertilizer and quick effect of fertilizer, but also has high quality of organic fertilizer, long fertilizer efficiency and stable performance. According to the test results of Hunan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, organic materials are best used as soot, because the content of potassium in the fertilizer component of soot is the highest, the source of raw materials is wide, the cost is low, and because of the organic compounds such as alkali, there are pests and diseases. Certain prevention and treatment. The ratio of organic materials should be 8% - 10%. The ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in inorganic nutrients is the highest in the ratio of early rice 1:0.5:0.7 and late rice 1:0.3:0.8. The area also needs to add a certain amount of medium and trace element fertilizers to make special compound fertilizers containing trace elements.
(4) Three-element dosage of rice field: the application rate of nitrogen fertilizer in the first phase of japonica rice is 110-140 kg/ha, and the application rate of nitrogen fertilizer in the second phase is 90-120 kg/ha. The amount of phosphorus fertilizer depends on soil availability phosphorus (P 2 O 5 The content varies depending on the content of 1.7~5.0 mg/kg. The recommended fertilizer for the first phase is 60~70 kg/ha. The recommended fertilizer for the second phase is 40~50 kg/ha, when the soil is 5.1~12.0 mg/ When the amount is more than kilogram, the recommended amount of fertilizer in the first phase is 20~40 kg/ha, and the second phase may not be applied. The application rate of potassium fertilizer should also be determined by reference to the determination result of soil available potassium (K 2 O), generally 1.6~3 MG/kg of low-potassium farmland, the first potassium oxide (K 2 O ), recommended amount 50-60 kg / ha, the second recommended amount is 40-60 kg / ha; and the soil available potassium content is higher than 5.0 mg / Kilograms of farmland can be applied without or with less potassium.
The application method of trace element zinc can be controlled by one of the following methods in the rice field where zinc deficiency occurs. Before the transplanting, the zinc oxide powder is 30~50 kg/ha or zinc sulfate is 80~120 kg/ha. Mixed into the soil, the depth of mixing is the same as the depth of the transplanting, generally about 10 cm. This is called full-thick zinc application or the roots of the seedlings are immersed in 2% zinc oxide solution before transplanting.
2. Balanced fertilization technology for throwing rice cultivation In the whole growth period of transplanted rice, according to the difference of soil fertility, the total amount of pure nitrogen is controlled at 150-165 kg/ha, and the application of base fertilizer, tiller fertilizer and panicle fertilizer 3-4 times, phosphate fertilizer It is P 2 O 5 48 kg / ha, potassium fertilizer is K 2 O 67.5 kg / ha, and the field of seedlings is 162 stems / m 2 , and the proportion of nitrogen fertilizer as top dressing is 4: 6 and 3.5: 6.5 treatment has obvious yield increasing effect. . The purpose of transplanting rice is to increase the tillering rate of rice and increase the utilization rate of nitrogen. According to the test results of Fenghua in Zhejiang, the proportion of base fertilizer, the first split fertilizer, the second fertilizer and the fertilizer application rate of 4: 2.3: 1.9: 1.8, the highest yield, the ear formation rate is 68.0%, and the effective spike is 404/ m 2 , indicating that the above fertilization method can make the throwing rice balance growth, the population structure is reasonable, can significantly increase the tillering rate, increase the effective ear, increase the seed setting rate, and obtain high yield.
Increasing the proportion of potassium application and applying topdressing to potassium fertilizer base are also important technical measures to promote the balanced growth of transplanted rice. Experiments show that with the increase of potassium application rate, the lower internodes of transplanted rice are obviously shortened, but the unit dry matter is increased. This indicates that the rice stems are thicker and firmer, which is beneficial to enhance the lodging resistance and the yield is also significantly improved.
Rice special fertilizer formula technology According to years of research across the country, the following scientific formulas have a large area of ​​promotion and a high yield increase.
(1) Early rice: Early rice special compound fertilizer formula is N: P 2 O 5 : K2O =1 : 0.5 : 1 , which is the recommended formula.
(2) Late rice: The formula of special compound fertilizer for late rice is N: P 2 O 5 : K2O =1 : 0.3 : 1 , the formula is formulated in this proportion, and the economic benefit is the highest; for the zinc-deficient area of ​​rice, it is necessary to add a small amount according to the actual situation. Zinc sulphate is made into a special fertilizer for zinc-containing rice.
(3) Rice organic-inorganic special compound fertilizer formula: Rice organic-inorganic special formula fertilizer is based on different farming systems, the demand for nutrients in rice and various growth and development periods, and the supply of nutrients in the soil, and the field in many years. The test results obtained. In the choice of organic fertilizer, the company mainly uses waste materials such as: tobacco stems, sugar residue, pig manure, chaff and other organic fertilizers, and organic nutrients and inorganic nutrients are compounded in a certain proportion to produce a special formula. It not only has the advantages of reasonable nutrient content of inorganic fertilizer and quick effect of fertilizer, but also has high quality of organic fertilizer, long fertilizer efficiency and stable performance. According to the test results of Hunan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, organic materials are best used as soot, because the content of potassium in the fertilizer component of soot is the highest, the source of raw materials is wide, the cost is low, and because of the organic compounds such as alkali, there are pests and diseases. Certain prevention and treatment. The ratio of organic materials should be 8% - 10%. The ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in inorganic nutrients is the highest in the ratio of early rice 1:0.5:0.7 and late rice 1:0.3:0.8. The area also needs to add a certain amount of medium and trace element fertilizers to make special compound fertilizers containing trace elements.
(4) Three-element dosage of rice field: the application rate of nitrogen fertilizer in the first phase of japonica rice is 110-140 kg/ha, and the application rate of nitrogen fertilizer in the second phase is 90-120 kg/ha. The amount of phosphorus fertilizer depends on soil availability phosphorus (P 2 O 5 The content varies depending on the content of 1.7~5.0 mg/kg. The recommended fertilizer for the first phase is 60~70 kg/ha. The recommended fertilizer for the second phase is 40~50 kg/ha, when the soil is 5.1~12.0 mg/ When the amount is more than kilogram, the recommended amount of fertilizer in the first phase is 20~40 kg/ha, and the second phase may not be applied. The application rate of potassium fertilizer should also be determined by reference to the determination result of soil available potassium (K 2 O), generally 1.6~3 MG/kg of low-potassium farmland, the first potassium oxide (K 2 O ), recommended amount 50-60 kg / ha, the second recommended amount is 40-60 kg / ha; and the soil available potassium content is higher than 5.0 mg / Kilograms of farmland can be applied without or with less potassium.
The application method of trace element zinc can be controlled by one of the following methods in the rice field where zinc deficiency occurs. Before the transplanting, the zinc oxide powder is 30~50 kg/ha or zinc sulfate is 80~120 kg/ha. Mixed into the soil, the depth of mixing is the same as the depth of the transplanting, generally about 10 cm. This is called full-thick zinc application or the roots of the seedlings are immersed in 2% zinc oxide solution before transplanting.
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