First, the base fertilizer is the fertilizer applied before sowing, also known as the base fertilizer. There are two main functions of applying base fertilizer. One is to fertilize soil and improve soil; the other is to continuously provide nutrients for crop growth. Fertilizers used as base fertilizers are suitable for organic fertilizers and slow-acting fertilizers, such as manure, compost, and phosphate rock. Phosphorus and potassium fertilizers are generally used as base fertilizers and are applied together with organic fertilizers. The quick-acting nitrogen fertilizer should not be applied too much, so as to avoid the loss of nutrients, and at the same time, the early growth of the crops is too strong, and it is easy to be infected with pests and diseases. The amount of base fertilizer generally accounts for the vast majority of the total fertilizer. Specific application methods should also be based on crop type, soil conditions, tillage methods, base fertilizer amount and fertilizer properties.
1, cast a law. That is, before the crop is planted, the fertilizer is evenly spread on the surface and then ploughed into the soil. The fertilization method is suitable for crops with high density, such as wheat and rice. The large amount of fertilizer applied in this method is very beneficial for comprehensive improvement of soil fertility.
2, Shi Shi and acupoints. It refers to the combination of soil preparation, ditching or opening before planting, and the fertilizer is applied to it and then planted with soil. Suitable for crops or seeding (fruit tree) crops. This is a concentrated fertilization with high fertilizer efficiency. However, it should be noted that the concentration of the fertilizer should not be too high, and the organic fertilizer used should be fully decomposed.
3. Layered fertilization method. According to the nature of the base fertilizer used, combined with deep tillage, the slow-acting fertilizer is applied to the lower layer, the upper layer is applied with quick-acting fertilizer, and the fertilizer of each layer should be evenly distributed. This fertilization method can meet the nutrient requirement of the root elongation of the crop, and the growth period is long. The effect of deep root crops is more obvious.
Second, the fertilizer applied in the crop planting, cultivation of tubers or transplanted seedlings, the purpose is to provide the necessary nutrients for the cultivation of strong seedlings. Fertilizers generally use quick-acting nitrogen, phosphorus fertilizer or decomposed organic fertilizer. Because fertilizers are in close contact with seeds or seedlings, it is necessary to prevent possible corrosion, burns and poisons of fertilizers on seeds or seedlings when selecting and using fertilizers. Effects such as fertilizer concentration, acid-base reaction, and degree of maturity of organic fertilizers. The application methods of seed fertilizer generally have the following types:
1. Seed dressing is mixed with a small amount of fertilizer and seeds. The amount of seed dressing fertilizer is small. When seed dressing, the fertilizer and seeds should be dry. With the accompanying sowing, the yield increase effect is good.
2, soaking method using some fertilizer to make a dilute solution, soak the seeds for a certain period of time, take out the sowing. After the treated seeds, the germination and emergence are relatively tidy and robust, and the stress resistance is enhanced, which is conducive to crop yield increase. However, it is necessary to strictly control the solution concentration and soaking time to avoid adverse effects on the seeds.
3, dip the root method. When crops and seedlings are planted, they are stained with certain fertilizers. If you plant sweet potato stalks with grass ash, you can receive effective results.
4, cover the seed fertilizer method. After sowing, cover the seeds with a certain amount of fertilizer and use organic fertilizer. In addition to supplying crop nutrients, fertilizers also provide protection and heat preservation to promote early growth of crops. This method can be used when crops are seeded or spotted.
Third, topdressing In the process of crop growth, according to the characteristics of nutrient requirements at each growth stage of the crops, fertilization measures. Under normal circumstances, the main factor of quick-acting inorganic fertilizer, long growth cycle and insufficient base fertilizer can be supplemented with slow-acting fertilizer such as cake fertilizer and decomposed high-quality ring manure. If phosphate fertilizer is needed, water-soluble phosphate fertilizer should be selected. There are several methods for topdressing:
1, cast a law. It is generally suitable for crop plants with high density, roots are distributed throughout the plough layer, and the amount of topdressing is used in a large amount. It is required to spread evenly and combined with cultivating, weeding and irrigation. The method of spreading is simple and easy, but the fertilizer utilization rate is not high and the economic benefits are poor.
2. The method of casting. The method is applicable to crops, such as wheat and millet. When topdressing, it can be cultivated and weeded first, then ditch between rows and apply fertilizer to the soil. The depth of fertilization should be compatible with the depth of crop roots.
3, point cast. Fertilizers such as peanuts, sweet potatoes, tobacco and other crops are applied to the plants of the field crops with large spacings. This method uses less fertilizer and reduces losses, but it is labor-intensive.
4, ring casting. This method is mostly used when the fruit trees are topdressed. That is, an annular groove is opened around the trunk, and the fertilizer is applied to the groove and then covered with soil. The diameter and depth of the annular groove should be adapted to the area where the root of the fruit tree is distributed.
5, spraying method. The fertilizer is formulated into a solution of a certain concentration and sprayed on the leaves of the crop, which is also called top dressing. The method has wide application range, low fertilizer dosage, quick effect and high utilization rate. When the crop has symptoms of nutrient deficiency, it can be corrected by external spraying method.
1, cast a law. That is, before the crop is planted, the fertilizer is evenly spread on the surface and then ploughed into the soil. The fertilization method is suitable for crops with high density, such as wheat and rice. The large amount of fertilizer applied in this method is very beneficial for comprehensive improvement of soil fertility.
2, Shi Shi and acupoints. It refers to the combination of soil preparation, ditching or opening before planting, and the fertilizer is applied to it and then planted with soil. Suitable for crops or seeding (fruit tree) crops. This is a concentrated fertilization with high fertilizer efficiency. However, it should be noted that the concentration of the fertilizer should not be too high, and the organic fertilizer used should be fully decomposed.
3. Layered fertilization method. According to the nature of the base fertilizer used, combined with deep tillage, the slow-acting fertilizer is applied to the lower layer, the upper layer is applied with quick-acting fertilizer, and the fertilizer of each layer should be evenly distributed. This fertilization method can meet the nutrient requirement of the root elongation of the crop, and the growth period is long. The effect of deep root crops is more obvious.
Second, the fertilizer applied in the crop planting, cultivation of tubers or transplanted seedlings, the purpose is to provide the necessary nutrients for the cultivation of strong seedlings. Fertilizers generally use quick-acting nitrogen, phosphorus fertilizer or decomposed organic fertilizer. Because fertilizers are in close contact with seeds or seedlings, it is necessary to prevent possible corrosion, burns and poisons of fertilizers on seeds or seedlings when selecting and using fertilizers. Effects such as fertilizer concentration, acid-base reaction, and degree of maturity of organic fertilizers. The application methods of seed fertilizer generally have the following types:
1. Seed dressing is mixed with a small amount of fertilizer and seeds. The amount of seed dressing fertilizer is small. When seed dressing, the fertilizer and seeds should be dry. With the accompanying sowing, the yield increase effect is good.
2, soaking method using some fertilizer to make a dilute solution, soak the seeds for a certain period of time, take out the sowing. After the treated seeds, the germination and emergence are relatively tidy and robust, and the stress resistance is enhanced, which is conducive to crop yield increase. However, it is necessary to strictly control the solution concentration and soaking time to avoid adverse effects on the seeds.
3, dip the root method. When crops and seedlings are planted, they are stained with certain fertilizers. If you plant sweet potato stalks with grass ash, you can receive effective results.
4, cover the seed fertilizer method. After sowing, cover the seeds with a certain amount of fertilizer and use organic fertilizer. In addition to supplying crop nutrients, fertilizers also provide protection and heat preservation to promote early growth of crops. This method can be used when crops are seeded or spotted.
Third, topdressing In the process of crop growth, according to the characteristics of nutrient requirements at each growth stage of the crops, fertilization measures. Under normal circumstances, the main factor of quick-acting inorganic fertilizer, long growth cycle and insufficient base fertilizer can be supplemented with slow-acting fertilizer such as cake fertilizer and decomposed high-quality ring manure. If phosphate fertilizer is needed, water-soluble phosphate fertilizer should be selected. There are several methods for topdressing:
1, cast a law. It is generally suitable for crop plants with high density, roots are distributed throughout the plough layer, and the amount of topdressing is used in a large amount. It is required to spread evenly and combined with cultivating, weeding and irrigation. The method of spreading is simple and easy, but the fertilizer utilization rate is not high and the economic benefits are poor.
2. The method of casting. The method is applicable to crops, such as wheat and millet. When topdressing, it can be cultivated and weeded first, then ditch between rows and apply fertilizer to the soil. The depth of fertilization should be compatible with the depth of crop roots.
3, point cast. Fertilizers such as peanuts, sweet potatoes, tobacco and other crops are applied to the plants of the field crops with large spacings. This method uses less fertilizer and reduces losses, but it is labor-intensive.
4, ring casting. This method is mostly used when the fruit trees are topdressed. That is, an annular groove is opened around the trunk, and the fertilizer is applied to the groove and then covered with soil. The diameter and depth of the annular groove should be adapted to the area where the root of the fruit tree is distributed.
5, spraying method. The fertilizer is formulated into a solution of a certain concentration and sprayed on the leaves of the crop, which is also called top dressing. The method has wide application range, low fertilizer dosage, quick effect and high utilization rate. When the crop has symptoms of nutrient deficiency, it can be corrected by external spraying method.
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