In the post-crisis era, low-carbon development has become a key point in the transformation of the global economy. For the Chinese steel industry, if it is to become a leader rather than a follower in the new round of low-carbon competition in the world, it is necessary to strengthen the original technological innovation, use green technology to produce more green products, and embark on a road of low-carbon development.
At the 6th China International Iron and Steel Conference held recently, Xu Lejiang, chairman of Baosteel Group, publicly stated that in the future, the full use of technology and energy-saving and emission reduction technologies will become the main theme of technological progress in the steel industry.
The dispute between traditional steel and alternative materials
With the intensification of global resource constraints, the traditional steel industry in the post-crisis era will inevitably encounter more powerful challenges from new alternative materials.
In fact, competition between steel and alternatives has been around for a long time. Under the condition of hard resource constraints, the cost of steel products has risen sharply, significantly reducing the cost performance of products, leading to alternatives such as aluminum, magnesium, plastics, ceramics, glass and composite materials, and steel products in many fields such as automobiles, packaging and machinery. Start the competition.
In 2005, the State Council issued the "Steel Industry Development Policy" officially proposed to encourage research, development and use of high-performance, low-cost, low-consumption new materials to replace steel.
“The contest between steel and alternative materials is for the living space, and it is the main position of steel as the basic material. With the rapid advancement of alternative materials technology, steel products will bear more pressure and performance in terms of performance and quality. Challenge.†Xu Lejiang said that a major focus of future steel technology innovation is to expand new application space while adhering to the traditional application of steel products, and thus win new living space.
Shi Hongwei, director of the Metallurgical Industry Economic Development Research Center, also believes that in the face of a low-carbon economy, expanding the use of steel is an inevitable choice. For example, in the material conversion, how to use the all-steel building to replace the concrete building; in the new steel conversion, how to reduce the weight of the car under the premise of ensuring safety, thereby saving steel and fuel consumption.
In addition, fully improving the efficiency of resource and energy utilization is also a key link for the steel industry to “outperform†the low-carbon economy.
It is undeniable that the low energy efficiency caused by backward technological technology is a major challenge for China's steel industry to achieve sustainable development. According to estimates, China's energy efficiency is only 33%, 10 percentage points lower than the international advanced level; China's energy consumption per unit of GDP is 2.4 times higher than the world's advanced level.
Industry insiders suggest that in order to improve the efficiency of the use of existing resources and energy, especially the recycling of secondary energy, the steel industry must constantly optimize the structure of raw materials and production processes, and reduce the consumption while taking a low-cost, differentiated development path.
Low carbon roadmap contest
The successful experience of the development of the world steel industry shows that the development of the steel industry is to promote industrial upgrading with continuous technological progress, and to embark on a connotative development path through wave-shaped and spiral rising trajectories.
After entering the post-crisis era, the low-carbon competition in the steel industry has quietly started. How to rely on scientific and technological innovation to overcome the low-carbon steelmaking process, and at the same time develop green and environmentally-friendly new steel products, thereby reducing high consumption and high emissions in the steel production process, is a strategic opportunity for the steel industry to re-emerge.
In the view of Zhang Xiaogang, general manager of Anshan Iron and Steel Group, in the face of the historical opportunity of transition to low-carbon development, the steel industry must not only actively develop and utilize new energy sources, but also reduce the use of carbon energy;
Li Xiaobo, chairman of TISCO Group, believes that to accelerate technological innovation, it is necessary to make a transition from a single breakthrough to comprehensive innovation, and accelerate the research and development of low-carbon technologies, engineering technologies, manufacturing technologies, information technologies and applied technologies.
According to Li Xiaobo, Taigang has applied the integrated innovation of green low-carbon technology to the whole process of enterprise development.
“We are working hard to accelerate the research and development of low-carbon manufacturing technologies, and systematically develop a low-carbon development roadmap, and strive to produce greener products using lower-carbon processes.â€
Future competition locks in four major areas
According to public data, from 2004 to 2008, the number of scientific and technical personnel in China's steel industry increased from 110,000 to 160,000, with an average annual growth rate of 50.25%, and its growth rate far exceeded the average annual growth rate of 18% of the total number of employees in the industry. . In the same period, the proportion of sales revenue of new products in the steel industry increased from 14.2% to 17.7%.
At the same time, the energy consumption level of China's steel industry continues to decline. In 2009, the comprehensive energy consumption of the whole industry was only 0.62kgce/t. Although the absolute value of the comprehensive energy consumption of China's steel industry is still not far behind the advanced level, its decline rate far exceeds that of other developed countries.
According to the "Guiding Opinions on Energy Saving and Emission Reduction of the Iron and Steel Industry", by 2011, the comprehensive utilization rate of steel slag, comprehensive utilization rate of blast furnace slag and comprehensive utilization rate of iron-containing mud in the steel industry reached 94%, 97% and 99% respectively. As of last year, China has completed the last two predetermined targets ahead of schedule.
In the view of Weng Yuqing, honorary chairman of the China Institute of Metals, in the future, China's steel industry science and technology work will focus on the following four areas:
The first is to develop high-performance, high-quality and low-cost steel products. For example, increase the refining ratio outside the furnace, vigorously promote the production of clean steel and high-quality steel; improve the quality control level of products, accelerate the upgrading of middle and low-grade products, improve the localized manufacturing capacity of high-end products; realize low-cost, low-energy, low-emission production processes and High quality, high performance, high value-added product performance.
Second, after eliminating backward and merged small and medium-sized enterprises and implementing enterprise group restructuring, we will strive to make the energy consumption per ton of steel for large and medium-sized enterprises reach the international level.
The third is to transform the production process with the concept of circular economy and low-carbon economy.
The fourth is to develop low-carbon emission metallurgical technology. In recent years, global greenhouse gas emissions have attracted close attention, and the promotion of low-carbon economy development in the steel industry has been pushed to the forefront of science and technology. Due to the low proportion of galvanized steel in China, the carbon dioxide emissions per ton of steel remain high. In 2008, China's carbon dioxide emissions per ton of steel reached as high as 2.18, while the international advanced level was only 1.8 to 1.9.
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