After the financial crisis triggered by the US subprime mortgage crisis swept the world in 2008, China gradually found that the past economic growth mode was severely challenged: foreign orders fell sharply, and export trade, which accounts for a considerable proportion of GDP, was directly affected, dragging down the entire economy; With the spread of “labor shortage†and the increase of wages of workers, the domestic labor costs are getting higher and higher, and the international competitiveness of “Made in China†is worrying. In the past, under the extensive investment mode, industrial projects intensively in various places have The environment has caused huge losses and is costly.
China began to reflect: Can we still rely on the past model to maintain steady economic growth? Do we still need to achieve inefficient growth at the expense of resources and the environment? In the future, the main force that will drive GDP will come from, what is the new way out? In this context, along the trajectory of industrial transfer and industrial upgrading, “high-end manufacturing†has begun to receive full attention in the government and the business community, and the future growth potential is huge.
The so-called high-end manufacturing industry, from the perspective of the industry, refers to the emerging industries with high technology content and high added value and strong competitiveness in the manufacturing industry; from the link of the industrial chain, it is at the high end of a certain industrial chain. Link. Specifically, the manufacture of infrastructure equipment such as energy and transportation, construction machinery, defense equipment, scientific and control instruments, automobiles, and home appliances are all high-end manufacturing industries.
As a manufacturing power, the "Made in China" transition from labor-intensive processing of materials and OEM to high-end manufacturing driven by technology and capital is a new breakthrough in the field of foreign trade in recent years. At present, China is in a net export state in the production of home appliances, textiles, household daily chemicals, telecommunications and sound recording equipment, electronic component parts and other products. The expansion of production capacity is limited, and with the increase of labor costs, the growth of labor-intensive industries The speed also began to slow down. On the other hand, although China is already a manufacturing country, many high-end products still rely on imports. Industrial products such as electric machinery, scientific and control instruments, special industrial machinery, and precision machinery are still in a state of net import. In the future, these “high-end manufacturing†"The field is expected to form an import substitution through industrial upgrading. At the same time, China has begun to form a brand of international competitiveness in the construction machinery, equipment manufacturing and other industries, and has great growth potential in the future. It is expected to create more efficient foreign trade income through “high-end exportsâ€.
"High-end manufacturing" means that industrial competitiveness has been upgraded from "Made in China" to "China's Smart Manufacturing", which is also the development needs of China's economy after entering the structural transformation stage. The largest proportion of China's GDP growth in the past decade is heavy industry. In the era of heavy industrialization, economic growth is heavily dependent on energy consumption, and the extensive growth model puts the environment under tremendous pressure. At present, China has entered the end of heavy industrialization, and the growth rate of steel production has been significantly reduced since 2007. The growth rate of traditional heavy asset industry has slowed down noticeably. Driven by economic restructuring, future industrial upgrading will be carried out and deepened in the current industry. At the same time, factors such as the income increase of low-income people brought about by income distribution reform will also be driven by the increase in labor costs and demand. Industrial upgrading.
In the future, China's industrial upgrading route will have the following characteristics: technical difficulty and barriers are relatively small; market size is huge; strong manufacturing capacity and upstream and downstream support are required; upgrading from existing industries and import substitution. These are consistent with the characteristics of high-end manufacturing.
Experts from the economic circles analyzed that with the heavy industry and real estate driving the economic cycle, the government has defined the advanced equipment manufacturing industry as the national pillar industry in the early 12th Five-Year Plan, and the idea of ​​equipment-based legislation has been gradually established. Therefore, we can pay due attention to the high-end manufacturing of light assets with comparative advantages in international division of labor and technological and business model innovation capabilities, such as railway equipment, marine engineering, nuclear power, power grid equipment, wind power, fine chemicals, new materials, automobiles. And household appliances and other industries; in addition, as the industrial upgrading is deepening, heavy-duty trucks, construction machinery and other labor-substituting industries are also growing rapidly.
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