During the growth and development of rice, nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium, magnesium, silicon, iron, sulfur, boron and other nutrients should be taken from the soil. Among them, nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium are the most important, which is the most important. Three elements of fertilizer. In the soil, the contents of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium are far from satisfying the needs of rice, and others can be basically satisfied. Therefore, fertilization of rice generally refers to the application of fertilizers containing nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium.
Nitrogen is the main component of proteins and chlorophyll in rice. Protein is the most basic nutrient for long root, long leaf, long stalk, long stalk and long ear of rice. Insufficient nitrogen fertilizer, the roots are less roots, the leaves are yellow, the plants are short, difficult to divide, the short grains are small, and the yield is not high.
Phosphorus has a great effect on the synthesis and transfer of proteins, carbohydrates and chlorophyll. The application of phosphate fertilizer can promote roots, promote sputum and strong seedlings. In the absence of phosphate fertilizer, the roots grow poorly, the tillers are few, the leaves are weak, and the plants are short.
Potassium plays an important role in the synthesis and transfer of carbohydrates, and can promote and coordinate the absorption of nitrogen and phosphorus, so that the leaves are green, the photosynthesis is enhanced, the stems are thick and the ability to resist disease is improved. In the absence of potassium, the tip of the leaf and the edge of the leaf first become yellow, and the potassium-deficient lesion appears, leading to premature senescence of the root leaf.
Nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium are indispensable for the growth and development of rice, and should be applied in production. Partial emphasis on nitrogen fertilizer, neglect of phosphate fertilizer or potash fertilizer is wrong, will cause seedling malnutrition, difficult to high yield.
All kinds of farmyard manure, green manure, and soil-fertilizer are all organic fertilizers. They generally contain various fertilizers such as nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium and magnesium. The fertilizer efficiency is relatively slow, and it is not easy to cause the violence of the seedlings. It is safe to apply. And there are advantages such as improved soil. However, due to the slower fertilizer efficiency, it is often unable to meet the urgent need for the growth of the seedlings, which makes it difficult to desire, and it is difficult to take the initiative. The advantages and disadvantages of various chemical fertilizers are just the opposite of organic fertilizers. Therefore, organic fertilizer should be used together with chemical fertilizer (also called inorganic fertilizer) in production.
Rice needs a certain amount of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizers. Less fertilizer, insufficient growth of rice, low yield; too much fertilizer, the leaves are weak and long, the field is shaded, and the pests are serious, often resulting in the result of "Laughter, Miao, and Cry."
According to scientific analysis, for every 100 kg of rice produced, 1.7 to 2.5 kg of pure nitrogen should be taken from the soil, phosphorus should be 0.9 to 1.3 kg, and potassium should be 2 to 2.3 kg. In the production practice, the fertilization situation of high-yielding rice units is also roughly the same. For example, the Lebian production team of Dali Commune in Nanhai County, in the late 1981, planted the autumn variety "Tieqiu No. 15", 500 kg of pig manure per acre, 20 kg of peanut bran, 30 kg of superphosphate, ammonium bicarbonate 30 Jin; a total of 24 kg of urea, 4 kg of compound fertilizer, 15 kg of potassium chloride. The base fertilizer and topdressing conversion are about: 20 kg of nitrogen, 7 kg of phosphorus, 11 kg of potassium, and 890 kg of dry grain per mu. Summarize the general experience, according to the rice yield of 800-900 kg per mu, about 18 to 20 kg of pure nitrogen; 900 to 1000 kg per mu, about 20 to 25 kg of pure nitrogen. Phosphorus and potassium fertilizer should be matched accordingly.
In order to facilitate the use of fertilization technology, the rice after planting is generally divided into three periods: front, middle and back.
Pre-stage: From the post-transplantation to the effective tillering period, about 20 days after the insertion (variety of growth period, different planting density). The center of this period is to solve the problem of the number of spikes. In addition to the basic seedlings inserted, there must be a certain number of tillers to facilitate high yields. In this way, it is necessary to get out of the tillers early, and to have more effective tillers, and strive to have a larger amount of growth in the early stage, to achieve a thick stem, and to lay a good foundation for the ear, the ear, and the grain.
Mid-term: From the end of the effective tillering period to the meiosis period, from about 20 days after the insertion to the time when the parietal lobe (flag leaves) is all out. In the medium term, we should coordinate the transition from vegetative growth to reproductive growth, paying attention to controlling the excessive elongation of stems and leaves and the occurrence of ineffective tillers. During this period, the elongation of young ears, the jointing of stems and the growth of the last few leaves require a lot of nutrients, which is the period of maximum growth in rice. It is necessary to maintain a certain level of nitrogen, and to properly control the growth of water and fertilizer, to properly control the growth, to "close the line without sealing" to improve the ventilation and light transmission conditions in the field, to lay a good foundation for extending the root and leaf functions in the later period. .
Late: from meiosis to maturity. The center of this period is rooting and protecting leaves. On the one hand, it is necessary to maintain a large number of green leaves, on the other hand, it is necessary to maintain a high photosynthetic capacity to produce more carbohydrates, for the needs of grain filling, to achieve full and full grain.
The divisions in the front, middle and late stages are consistent with the changes of rice leaves, sage, red and green. Black refers to the color of the leaves from the light to the thicker; red refers to the appearance of the color of the leaves from the thick to the light. According to the experience of Chaoshan and the research of the Provincial Academy of Agricultural Sciences, the leaf color is divided into six grades from light to strong: green yellow, green bean green, light green, green green, light black and big black. Among them, mung bean green, light green, green green and light black four grades are normal leaf colors. Dawu is a manifestation of over-fertilization, and green yellow is a symbol of lack of fertilizer and water shortage. In the effective tillering period after transplanting, it is necessary to reach the shallow black. According to the experiment, in the peak of the tillering period, due to insufficient nitrogen, the seedlings of the black, not only the tiller, the number of panicles is insufficient, and the number of grains per panicle is also reduced. Because the most basic substance that forms the tiller is protein, and the synthesis of protein is mainly based on nitrogen. The more nitrogen, the more chlorophyll content, the more the leaf color appears. From the beginning of the ineffective tillering period, the application of nitrogen fertilizer control is to inhibit the occurrence of ineffective tillering, and to reduce the absorption of nitrogen by the seedlings through drying the field. In this way, the content of chlorophyll is relatively reduced, and the color of the seedling leaves is also lightened (commonly known as mid-term red). At the same time, the stalks can be sturdy, the leaves are thick and straight, and the ability to resist insects, disease and fall is enhanced. From the booting stage to before and after heading, the seedlings urgently need nitrogen and water, and the chlorophyll content is increased, and it also shows Wulai, which is beneficial to rice heading and grouting. At this time, green green is better. If it appears shallow, it indicates that the nitrogen fertilizer is too much, which is easy to cause pests and diseases.
Nitrogen is the main component of proteins and chlorophyll in rice. Protein is the most basic nutrient for long root, long leaf, long stalk, long stalk and long ear of rice. Insufficient nitrogen fertilizer, the roots are less roots, the leaves are yellow, the plants are short, difficult to divide, the short grains are small, and the yield is not high.
Phosphorus has a great effect on the synthesis and transfer of proteins, carbohydrates and chlorophyll. The application of phosphate fertilizer can promote roots, promote sputum and strong seedlings. In the absence of phosphate fertilizer, the roots grow poorly, the tillers are few, the leaves are weak, and the plants are short.
Potassium plays an important role in the synthesis and transfer of carbohydrates, and can promote and coordinate the absorption of nitrogen and phosphorus, so that the leaves are green, the photosynthesis is enhanced, the stems are thick and the ability to resist disease is improved. In the absence of potassium, the tip of the leaf and the edge of the leaf first become yellow, and the potassium-deficient lesion appears, leading to premature senescence of the root leaf.
Nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium are indispensable for the growth and development of rice, and should be applied in production. Partial emphasis on nitrogen fertilizer, neglect of phosphate fertilizer or potash fertilizer is wrong, will cause seedling malnutrition, difficult to high yield.
All kinds of farmyard manure, green manure, and soil-fertilizer are all organic fertilizers. They generally contain various fertilizers such as nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium and magnesium. The fertilizer efficiency is relatively slow, and it is not easy to cause the violence of the seedlings. It is safe to apply. And there are advantages such as improved soil. However, due to the slower fertilizer efficiency, it is often unable to meet the urgent need for the growth of the seedlings, which makes it difficult to desire, and it is difficult to take the initiative. The advantages and disadvantages of various chemical fertilizers are just the opposite of organic fertilizers. Therefore, organic fertilizer should be used together with chemical fertilizer (also called inorganic fertilizer) in production.
Rice needs a certain amount of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizers. Less fertilizer, insufficient growth of rice, low yield; too much fertilizer, the leaves are weak and long, the field is shaded, and the pests are serious, often resulting in the result of "Laughter, Miao, and Cry."
According to scientific analysis, for every 100 kg of rice produced, 1.7 to 2.5 kg of pure nitrogen should be taken from the soil, phosphorus should be 0.9 to 1.3 kg, and potassium should be 2 to 2.3 kg. In the production practice, the fertilization situation of high-yielding rice units is also roughly the same. For example, the Lebian production team of Dali Commune in Nanhai County, in the late 1981, planted the autumn variety "Tieqiu No. 15", 500 kg of pig manure per acre, 20 kg of peanut bran, 30 kg of superphosphate, ammonium bicarbonate 30 Jin; a total of 24 kg of urea, 4 kg of compound fertilizer, 15 kg of potassium chloride. The base fertilizer and topdressing conversion are about: 20 kg of nitrogen, 7 kg of phosphorus, 11 kg of potassium, and 890 kg of dry grain per mu. Summarize the general experience, according to the rice yield of 800-900 kg per mu, about 18 to 20 kg of pure nitrogen; 900 to 1000 kg per mu, about 20 to 25 kg of pure nitrogen. Phosphorus and potassium fertilizer should be matched accordingly.
In order to facilitate the use of fertilization technology, the rice after planting is generally divided into three periods: front, middle and back.
Pre-stage: From the post-transplantation to the effective tillering period, about 20 days after the insertion (variety of growth period, different planting density). The center of this period is to solve the problem of the number of spikes. In addition to the basic seedlings inserted, there must be a certain number of tillers to facilitate high yields. In this way, it is necessary to get out of the tillers early, and to have more effective tillers, and strive to have a larger amount of growth in the early stage, to achieve a thick stem, and to lay a good foundation for the ear, the ear, and the grain.
Mid-term: From the end of the effective tillering period to the meiosis period, from about 20 days after the insertion to the time when the parietal lobe (flag leaves) is all out. In the medium term, we should coordinate the transition from vegetative growth to reproductive growth, paying attention to controlling the excessive elongation of stems and leaves and the occurrence of ineffective tillers. During this period, the elongation of young ears, the jointing of stems and the growth of the last few leaves require a lot of nutrients, which is the period of maximum growth in rice. It is necessary to maintain a certain level of nitrogen, and to properly control the growth of water and fertilizer, to properly control the growth, to "close the line without sealing" to improve the ventilation and light transmission conditions in the field, to lay a good foundation for extending the root and leaf functions in the later period. .
Late: from meiosis to maturity. The center of this period is rooting and protecting leaves. On the one hand, it is necessary to maintain a large number of green leaves, on the other hand, it is necessary to maintain a high photosynthetic capacity to produce more carbohydrates, for the needs of grain filling, to achieve full and full grain.
The divisions in the front, middle and late stages are consistent with the changes of rice leaves, sage, red and green. Black refers to the color of the leaves from the light to the thicker; red refers to the appearance of the color of the leaves from the thick to the light. According to the experience of Chaoshan and the research of the Provincial Academy of Agricultural Sciences, the leaf color is divided into six grades from light to strong: green yellow, green bean green, light green, green green, light black and big black. Among them, mung bean green, light green, green green and light black four grades are normal leaf colors. Dawu is a manifestation of over-fertilization, and green yellow is a symbol of lack of fertilizer and water shortage. In the effective tillering period after transplanting, it is necessary to reach the shallow black. According to the experiment, in the peak of the tillering period, due to insufficient nitrogen, the seedlings of the black, not only the tiller, the number of panicles is insufficient, and the number of grains per panicle is also reduced. Because the most basic substance that forms the tiller is protein, and the synthesis of protein is mainly based on nitrogen. The more nitrogen, the more chlorophyll content, the more the leaf color appears. From the beginning of the ineffective tillering period, the application of nitrogen fertilizer control is to inhibit the occurrence of ineffective tillering, and to reduce the absorption of nitrogen by the seedlings through drying the field. In this way, the content of chlorophyll is relatively reduced, and the color of the seedling leaves is also lightened (commonly known as mid-term red). At the same time, the stalks can be sturdy, the leaves are thick and straight, and the ability to resist insects, disease and fall is enhanced. From the booting stage to before and after heading, the seedlings urgently need nitrogen and water, and the chlorophyll content is increased, and it also shows Wulai, which is beneficial to rice heading and grouting. At this time, green green is better. If it appears shallow, it indicates that the nitrogen fertilizer is too much, which is easy to cause pests and diseases.
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