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On April 29th, at the Langfang base of the Institute of Physics and Chemistry at the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Li Qing, chief scientist of the "Large-scale cryogenic refrigeration equipment development" project, was introducing the principle of cryogenic refrigeration equipment. It can successfully simulate the ultra-low temperature of -253°C in space and make pre-flight "physical examinations" for spacecrafts such as spacecrafts. It can also use low-temperature refrigeration technology to liquefy hydrogen gas to make rockets for boosters. It is our country's autonomy. The first 10,000-watt large liquid hydrogen temperature zone cryogenic refrigeration unit was developed.
On April 29th, the National Large Scientific Research Equipment “Development of Large-scale Low-temperature Refrigeration Equipment†supported by the Ministry of Finance and supported by the Institute of Physics and Chemistry of the Chinese Academy of Sciences officially passed the acceptance check. This achievement successfully broke the monopoly of developed countries on related technologies.
“In China’s manned space project, the biggest problem faced by the new generation of cryogenic rockets is to increase the carrying capacity.†Li Qing, chief scientist of the project, said that traditional fuels have been unable to undertake launch missions due to insufficient energy density. Hydrogen is a high-energy fuel. However, the volume of hydrogen is too large to be used until it is liquefied. Just like the principle that water will boil at 100°C, hydrogen gas can only be liquefied when it reaches -253°C.
The large-scale low-temperature refrigeration technology in the liquid hydrogen temperature zone has been a major sensitive technology affecting China's aerospace industry and the development of cutting-edge science. In particular, the 10,000-watt low-temperature refrigeration technology required for aerospace engineering has been exported to developed countries. The project of “Development of Large-Scale Low-Temperature Refrigeration Equipment†passed the inspection and acceptance, enabling Chinese scientists to grasp the high-tech development initiative in the large-scale cryogenic refrigeration technology field.
In the laboratory of Langfang Park of the Institute of Physics and Chemistry of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, the reporter saw that the refrigeration unit is like a large oil tank and weighs 15 tons. "It works like the blood circulation of the human body." Hu Zhongjun, associate researcher at the Institute of Cryogenic Engineering and Systems Application Research, said that helium is equivalent to circulating blood in the body. When helium enters through a pipeline, the "heart" - - Compressors will compress helium. The cryogenic heat exchanger will exchange heat like "skin". The expander will be responsible for cooling. It will also act as a "kidney" filter to remove impurities... After this series of extreme conditions After the "in-vivo" cycle, the temperature of the cold helium that comes out of the other pipe is as low as -253°C, and hydrogen can be liquefied.
The reporter learned that this refrigeration device can serve as a test platform for China's aerospace products, creating a “freezer†for aircraft to simulate the low-temperature environment of space. Before the spacecraft such as satellites and spacecrafts enter space, they conduct “medical examinations†on all key components. At present, the results produced by the project have been successfully applied to the development of cryogenic rockets in China, and have contributed to improving the test coverage of cryogenic launch vehicles.
At the acceptance meeting, experts agreed that the completion of the project has broken the monopoly of large-scale low-temperature refrigeration technology in the liquid hydrogen temperature zone in developed countries, laid the foundation for China's independent development of serialized products, and is a successful example of independent research and development of large-scale key infrastructure equipment. . The expert group stated that the implementation of this project has resulted in an innovative project organization and management model. It has accumulated valuable experience for major scientific research equipment independent innovation and industrialization models with strong integration and engineering.
At the same time, with the support of the Ministry of Finance, the Chinese Academy of Sciences has started the second phase of the development of large-scale cryogenic refrigeration equipment. At that time, the equipment will initiate a new round of challenges in the colder regions and provide important support conditions for solving world problems such as nuclear waste disposal.
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