Ten earthquake common sense questions and answers

1. What pre-earthquake preparations should be done?

Answer: It's essential to prepare for an earthquake in advance. Start by learning basic first aid and emergency procedures. Create a family emergency plan that includes meeting points and communication strategies. Practice one-minute sheltering and evacuation drills regularly. Prepare an emergency kit with essentials like water, food, flashlights, batteries, medications, and a first-aid manual. Keep important documents in a waterproof and portable container as well.

2. How do you respond to an emergency at a store?

A: In the event of an earthquake while inside a store, stay calm and avoid panicking. If possible, take cover under sturdy furniture or near interior load-bearing columns, away from windows and glass displays. If you're on the upper floor, try to move to a lower level if it's safe. Avoid using the stairs, as they are often vulnerable during shaking. Staff should guide customers to safety and ensure everyone evacuates after the tremors stop.

3. How can you prevent secondary disasters during an earthquake?

A: To prevent secondary disasters, immediately shut off gas and electricity to avoid fires. Secure heavy objects and close doors to prevent them from falling. Be cautious of broken pipes, electrical wires, and unstable structures. After the shaking stops, check for leaks and use a flashlight instead of open flames.

4. How to take shelter in a bungalow or cottage during an earthquake?

Answer: Protect your head at all times. If you have time, go outside to an open area. If not, take cover under a sturdy table or desk. Stay away from windows and heavy furniture. Once the shaking stops, carefully check your surroundings before moving to a safer place.

5. Why is it important to conduct earthquake safety evaluations on construction sites?

A: Seismic safety assessments are crucial for reducing earthquake damage. These evaluations help determine the seismic risk of a site and provide design parameters to make buildings more resistant. By identifying weak areas early, we can ensure structures are built to withstand strong earthquakes, minimizing casualties and property loss.

6. How should emergency vehicles behave during an earthquake?

A: Passengers in vehicles, especially on trains, should hold onto handrails or seats to stay secure. Those facing forward should rest their arms on the seat in front of them, while those facing backward should protect their heads and knees. Stay low and keep your body tense to reduce injury risk. Drivers should slow down and avoid sudden movements.

7. How to stay safe in the street during an earthquake?

A: If you're outside, find an open space and squat down to avoid being hit by falling objects. Do not run toward buildings or bridges. Avoid areas with power lines, trees, or tall structures. Stay clear of crowded places and keep your head protected. Wait until the shaking stops before moving to a safer location.

8. How to improve your environment if you are buried under debris?

Answer: First, clear the area around the opening to allow air to flow. If you smell gas, cover your mouth and nose with a wet cloth. Tap on metal pipes or walls to signal for help. Conserve energy and stay calm. Avoid shouting to save your breath. Try to communicate with rescuers through tapping or other signals.

9. How to improve the earthquake resistance of buildings?

A: Improving a building’s earthquake resistance involves two key steps: first, conduct a thorough seismic safety assessment based on the building’s importance and location. Use the results to design the structure with proper seismic features. Second, ensure strict adherence to the design during construction. These practices have been proven effective in both domestic and international earthquake-prone regions.

10. How can rural houses enhance earthquake resistance?

Answer: When constructing or renovating rural homes, consider the following: 1. Choose a stable site, avoiding floodplains, riverbeds, and steep slopes. 2. Design simple, symmetrical layouts with reinforced walls and cross walls for better structural integrity. 3. Ensure strong connections between walls and the roof frame to increase stability. 4. Use lightweight roofing materials to reduce the risk of collapse. 5. Maintain high-quality construction standards to ensure long-term safety.