1 Peanut pest species and prevention and treatment
1.1蛴螬 Prevention and treatment
蛴螬 Hazardous peanuts in the seedling stage and in the pod stage. Seedling damage often leads to lack of seedlings and ridges. The pod larva not only erodes the shell, but also breeds inside the fruit, affecting the continued growth of the peanut, seriously affecting the formation and development of the pod, causing rotten fruit, breaking fruit, reducing yield and quality. Control method: generally should be combined with spring sowing, use 50% phoxim with a seed weight of 1‰, add appropriate amount of water to dilute for seed dressing; or use 50% phoxim 0.25kg plus water 1.5~2kg, mix ash residue to make granules In the ditch.
In the adult stage (chafer) treatment: generally in the peak period of the chafer (late May - early June), spray 4.5% beta-cypermethrin EC 50mL / 667m2 spray control. In order to prevent the recurrence of autumn, in the late summer and early autumn, the roots of the peanuts can be filled with 50% phoxim 600 times solution (using the sprayer with the nozzle removed, the prepared liquid is evenly poured into the root soil of the peanut)
1.2 Prevention and treatment of cotton bollworm
The larvae eat the leaves and flower buds of peanuts. The leaves are incompletely incomplete, especially eating flower buds, affecting fertilization, reducing the amount of fruit needles into the soil, causing severe reductions in production. The second generation larvae are the most serious, and the 1st to 2nd instar larvae mainly harm the heart leaves. After 3rd age, the leaves and stamens are eaten heavily, and the plants can be damaged after 4th instar. Its light weight is closely related to temperature and humidity. The suitable temperature is about 25 °C, the relative humidity is 70%~80%, and the rainfall in July-August in Shandong is high and the humidity is high. Peanuts grow densely and stagnate, and the humidity in the field is high and the occurrence is heavy.
Control method: chemical control. Do a good investigation of the insects, start the investigation at the peak of the egg, sample at 5 o'clock, check 20 to 25 peanuts per point, and control when the amount of insects reaches 5% to 10%. 20% chlorantraniliprole suspending agent 3000 times, or 15% indoxacarb EC 2500 times liquid control.
1.3 Prevention and treatment of locusts
Peanut mites are multi-cluster in the heart and young leaves, the young stems and young shoots are harmful. After flowering, the flower buds and the fruit needles absorb the juice. The damaged plants grow short, and the leaves are curled up, which affects flowering and results. In severe cases, the stems and leaves turn black, and the aphids discharge a large amount of "nectar", which causes mold parasitism, which can cause the plants to die.
The control measures are: spray 10kg of water with 10% imidacloprid wettable powder 10~15g/667m2, or spray 4kg of pyridone suspension 24g/667m2 with water 40kg.
2 peanut disease types and prevention and treatment
2.1 Prevention and treatment of rust
It mainly occurs on the leaves and can also infect the petioles, stems and stems. In the onset of the leaves, there is a pale yellow lesion on the needle, which gradually enlarges into a reddish-brown protrusion, and the epidermis is longitudinally split, revealing a reddish-brown powdered urediospores. The spore heap is yellowish brown with a pale yellow color and is finally brown. Most of the damaged plants began to develop from the bottom leaves, gradually spread upward, the leaves turned yellow, and finally dried up, and the whole plant died. For prevention and treatment, 40% fluorosilazole emulsifiable concentrate 6000 times solution, or 20% triazolone emulsifiable concentrate 1000 times, and spray liquid 45kg/667m2 can be sprayed evenly.
2.2 Prevention and treatment of peanut scab
Peanut scab is mainly harmful to the leaves, petioles and stems. The leaves of the leaves are round to irregular small spots, and the edges are slightly bulged, and the middle is concave, which is named after the scab.
Control method: seed treatment. Use mold-free seeds for seeding. Each 667 m2 was seeded with fludioxonil (25 g/L) + refined metalaxyl (10 g/L), or with 50% of the seed amount of 50% carbendazim wettable powder. In the onset period, evenly spray with 40% fluorosilicone emulsifiable concentrate 6000 times.
2.3 Prevention and treatment of bacterial wilt
Peanut bacterial wilt is a disease caused by bacteria, which can occur from seedling to harvest, with the most incidence at flowering stage. Control method: The treatment measures are: before planting the ground, let it be exposed to sunlight for 2~3 days, soak the seeds with 30% carbendazim for about 3 hours, then take it out and dry it before planting. If the peanut seedlings after planting are partially necrotic, it is necessary to spray the drugs on the leaves. 40% of the thiophanate 50g/667m2, or 46.1% of the copper hydroxide water-dispersible granules can be used for the first time. Or use 25% copper ammonia mixture 300 times solution to fill the pier, which has better control effect.
2.4 Prevention and treatment of leaf spot disease
Peanut leaf spot is mainly brown spot and black spot. Both leaf spot diseases can infect leaves, and can also invade stems, petioles and leaf supports. Control method: agricultural control. After the peanuts are harvested, remove the diseased residues in the field, plow in time, turn the diseased bodies into the soil, accelerate the decay and reduce the bacterial source; the seriously diseased plots should be rotated with the grass crops; rationally close planting, reduce the plant spacing, increase the row spacing, strengthen Clear light, reduce humidity, strengthen field management, timely drainage, improve disease resistance. The vine variety is more resistant to disease than the vine-type and semi-vine-type varieties, and is used according to local conditions; chemical control. At the beginning of the sapling stage, 68.75% of the ketone manganese-zinc bactericide was sprayed 1200 times 1-2 times. In the early stage of the disease, the foliar spray of 40% fluorosilazole emulsifiable concentrate 6000 times solution, or 43% tebuconazole aqueous emulsion 1000~1500 times solution, etc., the control effect is better.
3 peanut field pest management
The most suitable growth environment for such legumes as peanuts is that the climate is mild, and the rain is abundant all year round, but the management after planting cannot be ignored, especially in the seedling, mid-term and middle-late stages of peanuts. Not only pay attention to the treatment of the soil, but also pay attention to the cooperation of the climate, as well as the prevention and control of the leaves and roots of the peanut itself, so as to achieve all-round protection and healthy growth, thereby increasing crop yield and increasing farmers or growers. Income.
With the development of science and technology, China has developed a variety of drugs to deal with peanuts or other crop pests and diseases, as long as the rational use, scientific management and protection, problems can be timely and multi-faceted analysis, can ensure that the peanut planting work is scientific Improve planting efficiency and yield on the basis.
Peanut planting is very common in China, but the impact of peanut pests on peanut production is high. If the yield of peanuts to be planted is high, all growers need to understand the hazards and control methods of various peanut pests, and facilitate the planting of peanuts. Take control.
More pesticide knowledge, please pay attention to China Pesticide Network
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