Although there are certain pests and diseases in the process of plant growth, it will bring some adverse effects to the tea tree, but at the same time reach the relative balance of the ecosystem. Otherwise, if the control measures are too urgent, although a large number of pests will be killed, or the pests will be basically eliminated, but also a large number of natural enemies will be killed, so that in the short term, pests and diseases will occur, and in the prevention and control of pests and diseases, careful observation should be made. Comprehensive consideration, do not care about this, how to prevent crop pests? A method to use natural enemies of natural pests to control pests. First of all, we must pay attention to protect the natural enemies of pests, improve the inhibitory effect of natural enemies on pests, try to create conditions conducive to the survival of natural enemies of pests, or artificially raise and reproduce and release natural enemies of pests to increase the number of natural enemies and inhibit the transmission of pests; The pathogenic microorganisms of pests control pests, and the pathogenic microorganisms include fungi, bacteria, viruses and the like. Insecticide control is a very safe means of prevention and control. It is harmless to humans, livestock, crops and microorganisms. It is conducive to maintaining ecological balance, and the control effect is very good. What are the common methods for controlling pests and diseases?
1. Reasonable rotation and intercropping In the medicinal plant cultivation system, reasonable rotation and intercropping are important, no matter the prevention and control of pests and diseases or the full utilization of soil fertility. The plots that have been ginseng cannot be planted in the short term, otherwise the disease will be severe and cause a large number of deaths or destruction of the whole field. The duration of the rotation is generally determined by the period of survival of the pathogenic organism in the soil. For example, the root rot of Atractylodes Rhizome and the seasoning of Rehmannia wilfordii are 3 to 5 years. In addition, the rational selection of crops is also crucial. Generally, plants of the same family or plants that are both serious diseases and insects cannot be selected as the next crop. The selection principle of intercropping should be basically the same as the selection of round crops.
2. Tillage is an important cultivation measure. It not only promotes the development of plant roots, but also enhances the disease resistance of plants. It can also destroy the nests of pests that are dormant in the soil and the wintering places of pathogens, and directly eliminate pathogenic organisms and pests. It has become one of the important prevention and control measures to carry out ploughing and drying for several times to improve soil physical properties and reduce the number of pathogenic bacteria in the soil.
3, weeding, pruning and clearing weeds and wheat in the field, after the medicinal plants are harvested, the debris damaged by pests and diseases and the litter falling in the field, often the place where the pests are concealed and wintering, is the leap year Source of pests and diseases. Therefore, weeding, clean pastoral and combined pruning can burn or deepen the pests and litter residues, which can greatly reduce the degree of pests and diseases of the leap year.
4. Adjusting the seeding period Some pests and diseases are often closely related to the phenological period of a certain growth and development stage of the cultivated drug. If you try to make this stage of growth and development miss the dangerous period of pest infestation, avoid the pests and diseases, you can also achieve the purpose of prevention and control.
5, rational fertilization Rational fertilization can promote the growth and development of medicinal plants, enhance their resistance and recovery ability after being affected by pests and diseases. For example, Baiji applies sufficient organic fertilizer, and appropriate application of phosphorus and potassium fertilizer can reduce mosaic disease. However, the used manure or compost must be decomposed, otherwise the residual bacteria in the fertilizer and the insect eggs such as underground pests are not killed, which makes the underground pests and certain diseases worse.
6. Breeding and utilizing different types or varieties of medicinal plants resistant to disease and insect species often have significant differences in disease and insect resistance. If the thorn-like safflower is more resistant to anthracnose and safflower fruit fly than the thorn-free safflower, the white stalk dwarf type is resistant to the seed worm. Therefore, how to use these disease-resistant and insect-resistant characteristics to further select better quality and high-yielding varieties that are resistant to diseases and insects is a very meaningful work.
(Source: ä½°ä½° safety net)
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