The façade dry hanging stone is highly respected for its unique style and elegant and beautiful shape. Its solemnity, simplicity and elegance, and majestic characteristics make the building more contemporary and artistic, and has become a step into the urban architecture. One of the important signs of modernization has a broad market prospect in recent years. In this paper, the Fuzhou Intermediate People's Court trials the exterior wall of the building to dry the stone, and discusses how to control the quality of the dry stone on the outer wall.
I. Overview
(1) Project examples and dry hanging of external walls:
The Fuzhou Intermediate People's Court Trial Building is a key construction project of Fuzhou City. It is located on the west side of Minjiang Avenue in Jinshan New District, Fuzhou City. It has a basement on the ground floor and seven floors above ground. The building height is 36.4m and the building has a total area of ​​37760 square meters. The exterior wall design is made of high-quality natural stone. The dry hanging area of ​​the stone is 15585 square meters and the dry hanging height is 36.4m. Except for some windows, the exterior wall of the building is made of dry-hanging stone curtain wall. In particular, the façade stands with 16 tall stone hanging decorative hollow columns, and the back line is dark blue glass curtain wall. The main door porch and the door piers on both sides are decorated with stone relief. It complements the huge national emblem in the middle of the porch, highlighting the majesty and majesty of the building. In order to increase the decorative effect, the outer wall dry hanging design selects the dry hanging cell unit (the single stone size can reach up to 1300X1000X35). The detailed node is complex, the facade line is more, and the turning part is more, which increases the construction difficulty. The project was constructed by the Fujian Provincial Architectural Design and Research Institute and the China Construction Seventh Bureau.
(2) Quality requirements:
The main factors affecting the quality of dry stone hanging are as follows.
1. The skeleton is installed firmly, the flatness of the skeleton surface is properly controlled, and the anti-corrosion, anti-rust and lightning protection grounding treatment is done well.
2, the dry hanging marble surface layer and the skeleton are firmly installed; the bonding materials and dry hanging fittings meet the design requirements; the steel fittings are well protected against rust and corrosion.
3, the stone surface is clean and flat; the mosaic is correct, the texture is clear, the color is uniform; the non-finished part is suitable for installation, the slab at the corner of the corner is pressed correctly, and the repair of the stone is slightly damaged.
4, the seam is even, the seam is smooth, the joint is dense, wide and narrow.
5. The plate around the protrusion is cut by the whole plate, the size is accurate, the edges are neat and smooth, the drip line is straight, the flow direction is correct, and the appearance is clear and beautiful.
Second, the application of process quality control
(1) Construction process
1, the choice of stone: wall surface line - layout - select stone - processing, numbering
2, dry hanging process: external wall surface treatment - wall partition line - steel skeleton plus, number - steel skeleton installation and fixation - inspection adjustment acceptance skeleton flatness and firmness - stone dry hanging sample production - large area Dry hanging stone - stone surface cleaning - embedded sealing strip and sealant - decorative surface cleaning - acceptance
(2) Construction method
1. Preparation of facing stone: Stone color difference is one of the most influential factors of stone dry hanging appearance effect. What is the factor that causes the color difference of the stone?
(1) The veins are different. Different kinds of veins have been extracted from the stone table, but there is definitely a color difference, which is also the most important factor in the generation of stone color difference.
(2) The stone cutting surface is different. After the quarry is mined, if the cutting surface is different, it is easy to cause the phenomenon of yin and yang on the surface of the single stone, or the two stone panels cut out from the same stone mine are quite different.
(3) Stone cutting time is different. The stone cut by the same ore will have a certain difference in the surface color due to the different cutting time, but the color difference can tend to be the same over time.
For the above reasons, the stone supplier should be evaluated beforehand. However, in any case, the fine color difference of the stone surface still exists. Our approach is to choose a more powerful supplier to ensure that the supply of stone can come from the same vein, most of the stone is directly processed by the manufacturer. The site divides the dry hanging area according to the layout of the external wall. In the field, after the stone arrives at the scene, the first step is to arrange the sample, and the stone installation position is determined to be used later. In the advance, the stone with fine color difference should be arranged in the position of the negative angle and the like without affecting the overall appearance.
2, the outer wall base treatment and grid lofting
(1) Base treatment: The base treatment is generally to find and clean the external wall embedded steel plate, and check whether the position of the embedded steel plate is correct. Reinforcement construction is required for the discovery of the offset of the embedded parts. We use the rear anchor bolt steel plate to reinforce the site. After the installation is completed, it can pass the pull-out test acceptance before entering the next process.
(2) Partition line: The line work is the basis for the installation of the keel behind, so we have specially prepared a set of release plan and established a perfect review system.
a. Horizontal control line: The 0.000m elevation line is used as the main reference line by the water level meter, and then the horizontal reference line is set in units of floors. The horizontal division starts from the top of the outer wall, and the horizontal value of the two panels is used as the division unit from top to bottom, and the reference line of each layer is used for fine adjustment to eliminate the error.
b. Longitudinal control line: Firstly, a systematic measurement should be made for the original structural deviation, and the deviation between the actual size and the design size should be analyzed. If the actual size deviation of the field is relatively small, the error can be eliminated by a reasonable division, and vice versa. Process the structure.
Use the theodolite to set a vertical reference line every 20m on the exterior wall of the building. According to the size of the grid (the width of the two sheets of dry hanging width), the vertical division of the building's outer wall is carried out, and the vertical lead is used, and the distance between the upper and lower points and the reference line is measured to correct the deviation and the elastic line. The longitudinal control line and the lateral control line form the plane control network for our release.
3, keel installation quality control
The quality of the keel installation directly affects the dry hanging effect of the stone. If the keel is not installed firmly, it is easy to cause safety hazards. If the keel is not installed on the same plane, it is easy to cause distortion of the stone in the subsequent process, and the stone joint is unqualified. Therefore, we made full use of the previous QC experience and established a three-level control network from the main keel installation to the secondary keel installation to the stone veneer installation quality control.
(1) Primary control network: Find the embedded parts and determine the model and position of the main keel. According to the division, the model specifications of the main keel are determined, and the keel is numbered to ensure that there is no deviation in the used keel. The main keel installation process is strictly in accordance with the grid line and the cable control ensures that the keel is installed on the same plane. The installation is completed and the person is checked layer by layer, and the monitoring record is made.
After the installation of the main keel, anti-corrosion and anti-rust treatment shall be carried out in time. The lightning protection grounding of this project adopts the method of welding the galvanized flat iron with the vertical keel for each layer and then welding with the lightning protection grounding point of the wall and the beam. After the process is completed, the process proceeds to the next process.
(2) Secondary control network: determine the model and position of the secondary keel. After the completion of the main keel installation, the transverse grid line is measured to the main keel, the bullet mark, the secondary keel is installed according to the good line; secondly, the preparation The actual size of the secondary keel is required to be measured on site, and then the secondary keel is added according to the actual size, and the number is installed. Again, the secondary keel installation process requires that the top surface of the secondary keel is straight, the outer side control is on the same plane as the column, and a small portion can be fine-tuned.
Finally, after the installation of the secondary keel is completed, the team will self-check and promptly notify the relevant personnel to accept the inspection.
One end of the secondary keel is a telescopic end of the bolt connection, and one end is a fixed welding end, and the welding node must be subjected to anti-corrosion and anti-rust treatment.
4. Dry hanging quality control of outer facing stone board
Stone dry hanging is the last level in the three-level control network. This process directly affects the sensory effect of the stone dry hanging surface. Therefore, we use the principle of applying the model first, select the appropriate position as a model, carry out some stone dry hanging operations, and continuously improve the construction process according to the effect of the sample application.
(1), process flow
First of all, we have carefully planned beforehand to establish a flat panel control system: dry control is performed for each of the four boards as a small unit.
Secondly, the order of stone installation: the work plan is formulated, and the team is strictly required to start from the main veneer, from top to bottom, and from left to stone. (Note: Some units also use bottom-up, left and stone hanging order. ). The first row of dry hanging stone is used as the reference stone finishing surface (the reference stone finishing surface is the guarantee of the quality of the stone building. If the finished surface cannot be made according to the design, it is easy to become a broken head, a sloping wall, or a wave. Destroy the overall effect), in the dry hanging project, it shall be supervised by the arranging personnel, and after the completion of the unified acceptance, it will enter the lower row of stone dry hanging construction.
(2) Temporary fixing of the board: During the installation process, the lower end of the component is in a fixed state, and the upper end of the component is in a state of being placed. The adhesive is injected into the hole at the lower end of the stone and inserted into a stainless steel gasket. (Note: Iron parts are easy to rust and contaminate the stone table. However, the flexible gasket will cause the stone to shift, and then proceed in sequence, and the stainless steel gasket can be extracted after the glue is dry and fixed.
(3) Detail processing
a. The detailed stone is cut by the whole board, and the scattered pieces are not used. The required plates are used for on-site measurement, on-site cutting and on-site installation. In the window hole position, the stone is pressed correctly, and the method is adopted to set the flow slope and the drip line and the groove.
b. The dry hanging plate around the detail should be installed and fixed accurately, and the protruding part should be polished in time to ensure horizontal and vertical. For slightly damaged stone, choose to install it in an inconspicuous corner, and repair it with special stone glue for raw stone powder mixing.
5, stone washing and rubbering process control
(1) After the installation of the large-faced stone, it is necessary to wash the partial position, so that the vertical and horizontal seams look more uniform and straight, and the effect is increased.
(2) After the dry construction of the stone is completed, the surface is cleaned and the dust in the gap is removed. First fill the inside of the board with a foam strip of 8-10 mm in diameter, leave a seam of 5-6 mm deep, and stick 10-15 mm wide tape on the stone on both sides of the seam to prevent the rubber joint. When it pollutes the surface. Then fill the sealant with a glue gun. If the sealant is found to contaminate the board surface, it must be wiped off immediately. In the window hole position, first insert the foam rod along the granite slab, then select the good quality sealant for the glue, the glue seam is 15 mm deep, and finally use the plastic stick of 10 to push out the concave circle. After the application is completed, the waterproof performance of the wall is tested by spraying water on the wall. At the same time, in order to make the rubberized surface look continuous and flat, professional workers should be selected for operation.
Conclusion:
Granite texture is hard, acid and alkali resistant, corrosion resistant, high temperature resistant, light resistant, frost resistant, friction resistant, durable, half rich in color, and the appearance color can be maintained for more than 100 years. Granite plates have different surface finishes, that is, their surface texture is different. The effect of single stone is different from that of the whole finish, so it cannot be determined simply according to the color pattern of the single sample. The overall effect after the area is laid. As for the choice of the color pattern of the granite plate, the construction unit and the design unit consider the decoration requirements of the whole building and coordinate with the color of the materials of other parts. Good architectural finishes were decided to use Xiamen's self-cultivating granite with polished gold sand beige granite trim strips.
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