It was found that when the conditions are appropriate, two-dimensional electronic liquids can be formed near the electron-associated oxide heterointerface LaAlO3/SrTiO3 (LAO/STO). Different from conventional semiconductor two-dimensional electron gas, electrons in the potential well have d-electron characteristics and can occupy different d-orbitals, thus bringing about a series of new characteristics, such as magnetic field-dependent transmission behavior, ferromagnetic and superconductivity, etc. .
Due to dimensional constraints, two-dimensional electronic systems often exhibit strong field effects - gate voltages can greatly adjust electron concentration and mobility, allowing the system to experience different quantum states, thereby greatly broadening the exploration space for novelty physical effects. Through the combination of magnetic field and gate voltage regulation, people have discovered a series of novel quantum effects in the two-dimensional electron gas system, such as quantum Hall effect and fractional quantum Hall effect. The most typical semiconductor transistor field effect transistor is also based on the field effect.
The adjustment of the two-dimensional electronic system by the field effect is based on the capacitive effect. Through the charge and discharge process of the capacitor, the electron gas concentration and mobility of the heterogeneous interface are regulated. However, the concentration of two-dimensional electronic liquid at the LAO/STO heterointerface is nearly one order of magnitude higher than that of a conventional semiconductor two-dimensional electron gas, which is far beyond the range of capacitance effect regulation. Therefore, the search for a new regulation principle and method is two-dimensional electronic liquid. The key to exploring new physical effects.
Recently, the Chinese Academy of Sciences Institute of Physics/Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter State National Key Laboratory for Magnetic Consolidation Sun Jirong's team of doctoral students Lei Yu, Li Ying, etc. through photoelectric cooperation, discovered a new field effect control principle, and then realized Oxide two-dimensional electronic liquid transport operation for a wide range of control. They found that the synergistic effect of photoexcitation and gate voltage can lead to SlTiO3 interface lattice expansion and symmetry breaking, and then photoelectron-induced interface polarization occurs. The latter produces additional regulation of heterointerface liquids, enabling field effects. A substantial increase. Taking the control of the heterojunction resistance as an example, the resistance change caused by the new mechanism is nearly two orders of magnitude higher than that of the gate voltage regulation alone.
They also further revealed the principle of photoelectric co-regulation and found that the electric field resulted in the migration of oxygen vacancies in SrTiO3 near LAO/STO. Along with this process, the SrTiO3 crystal lattice expands significantly parallel to the direction of the electric field. Under the action of an electric field alone, this process is so slow that it is difficult to measure because the oxygen vacancies are usually clustered and the mobility is extremely low. The photoexcitation leads to the disintegration of oxygen vacancies, which greatly improves the mobility of oxygen vacancies and accelerates the lattice distortion process. This work not only reveals the unknown side of SrTiO3, a typical complex oxide body, but also shows the great potential of multi-field cooperative regulation. It opens up new space for the exploration of the novel physical effects of two-dimensional electronic liquids. This work was published in Nature Communications [Nat. Comms. 5, 5554 (2014)]. Related research has been supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China and the relevant funds of the Ministry of Science and Technology.
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