How to Prevent Pneumoconiosis from Contact with Dust

Productive dust refers to solid particles generated during industrial processes that can remain suspended in the air for extended periods. In industries such as mining, rock drilling, blasting, material transportation, ore crushing, screening, batching, smelting, and gemstone processing, large amounts of dust are often released into the environment. Prolonged exposure to such dust can lead to serious respiratory conditions, including pneumoconiosis, dust-induced bronchitis, pneumonia, and rhinitis.

The extent of harm caused by dust depends on its chemical composition and concentration. Dust containing higher levels of free silica is particularly dangerous, as it can cause more severe health effects. Similarly, the higher the dust concentration, the greater the risk of damage. Additionally, the degree of dispersion—how finely the particles are broken down—affects the danger. Smaller particles stay airborne longer, increasing the likelihood of inhalation and subsequent health issues. Dust can be categorized into three main types: inorganic, organic, and mixed dust.

Pneumoconiosis is a systemic disease caused by long-term inhalation of harmful dust, leading to fibrosis in the lungs. Ancient Chinese medical texts mention this condition, referring to it as "coke lung," which was associated with stoneworkers. Recognized as an occupational illness, pneumoconiosis must be diagnosed by authorized medical institutions. Early stages may show no symptoms, but as the disease progresses, individuals may experience chest tightness, coughing, and difficulty breathing. In advanced cases, complications like emphysema or pulmonary heart disease can develop. While there is no cure, treatment focuses on managing symptoms and slowing disease progression. Prevention has become the primary focus in many countries, involving dust control measures and personal protective equipment.

Patients with silicosis often suffer from widespread fibrosis in the lungs, which impairs microvascular circulation and reduces resistance. This makes them more susceptible to secondary diseases, potentially leading to severe complications and even death. Common complications include:

1. Silicosis with tuberculosis: This is the most critical complication. The risk increases with the severity of the disease, and tuberculosis can accelerate the progression of silicosis.
2. Pulmonary heart disease: Extensive lung fibrosis increases pressure on the pulmonary blood vessels, overloading the right side of the heart. Over time, this can lead to right-sided heart failure.
3. Spontaneous pneumothorax: Due to weakened alveolar walls from emphysema, sudden increases in air pressure from coughing can cause alveoli to rupture, leading to air leakage into the pleural cavity.
4. Lung infections: Silicosis weakens the immune system and impairs airway defenses, making patients more vulnerable to bacterial or viral infections, which can result in severe pneumonia and even death.

Pneumoconiosis is entirely preventable through effective dust control measures. When proper precautions are taken, dust levels in the workplace can be reduced to meet national health standards, significantly lowering the risk of the disease. Key prevention strategies include: education, process improvement, wet operations, sealing dust sources, ventilation, personal protection, management systems, and regular health monitoring. These measures collectively form a comprehensive approach to safeguarding workers' health in dusty environments.