(1) Introduction
Polyvinyl chloride plastic is a polymer of vinyl chloride monomer and is one of the commonly used thermoplastics. Its trade name is abbreviated as "chlorine plastic", the English abbreviation is PVC.
Pure polyvinyl chloride resin is a hard thermoplastic material, and its decomposition temperature is very close to the plasticizing temperature, and the mechanical strength is poor. Therefore, it is impossible to plasticize the product with polyvinyl chloride resin, and it is necessary to add a plasticizer, a stabilizer, a filler, etc. to improve the performance, to make a polyvinyl chloride plastic, and then to process into various products. Polyvinyl chloride is classified into rigid polyvinyl chloride and soft polyvinyl chloride depending on the amount of plasticizer added.
(2) Identification features
The transparency of PVC film is higher than that of polyethylene. The color of the product is bright, the hand touch is smooth, there is no waxy feeling, and the special smell can often be smelled. When it is cold, it is obviously hardened, the use temperature is 60 ° C; the relative density is greater than 1, it can sink in Underwater, this is a distinguishing feature of polyvinyl chloride; the hard product is hard and smooth, and the sound is squeaky when struck; the soft product is soft and elastic.
(3) Combustion performance
Polyvinyl chloride has poor combustion performance and is extinguished from fire. It is a flame retardant plastic. When burning, it has a pungent hydrogen chloride odor and softens when burned.
(four) performance
1. Soft polyvinyl chloride generally contains 30-50% plasticizer. Due to its soft texture and high strength; it has good air tightness and water impermeability.
2. Rigid polyvinyl chloride is only made with a small amount of plasticizer. It is characterized by hard texture, high mechanical strength and good chemical resistance. .
3. Polyvinyl chloride plastics have poor heat resistance, and the strength is greatly affected by temperature. The strength at 20 °C is 20% lower than that at 20 °C. Therefore, the film product is not easy to be stored at a low temperature; the soft product use temperature does not exceed 45 ° C, the hard product does not exceed 60 ° C, and will age and become brittle during long-term illumination.
4. When the polyvinyl chloride film is processed, in order to prevent decomposition by heating, a heat stabilizer is added. Since the heat stabilizer contains lead salt or the like, the polyvinyl chloride plastic is toxic and cannot be used as a food packaging.
5. Polyvinyl chloride plastics are in contact with insecticides such as organic solvents and naphthalene, which can cause stickiness and melting, and easily absorb odors. Because plasticizers are highly volatile, they should not be stored for too long.
(5) Use
Soft poly+vinyl chloride can be made into a good agricultural film, which is commonly used to make raincoats, tablecloths, curtains, wallets, handbags, etc. It is also widely used in the manufacture of plastic shoes and artificial leather.
Rigid polyvinyl chloride can be made into transparent, translucent and pearlescent products of various colors. Often used to make soap boxes, combs, washboards, pencil cases, various pipes, etc.
Its characteristics are as follows:
1. Light weight, convenient for handling and handling:
The PVC pipe material is very light, convenient for handling, loading and unloading, and convenient for construction, saving labor.
2. Excellent chemical resistance:
PVC pipes have excellent acid, alkali and corrosion resistance and are suitable for chemical industry applications.
3. Small flow resistance:
The PVC pipe has a smooth wall surface and a small fluid resistance. Its roughness coefficient is only 0.009, which is lower than other pipes. Under the same flow rate, the pipe diameter can be reduced.
4. High mechanical strength:
The hydraulic pressure resistance, external pressure resistance, and impact strength of PVC pipes are very high, and are suitable for piping engineering under various conditions.
5. Electrical insulation is good:
PVC pipe has excellent electrical insulation properties and is suitable for protective sleeves for wires and cables.
6. Does not affect water quality:
PVC pipes and fittings have been confirmed by dissolution experiments to not affect water quality, and are the best pipes for tap water piping.
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