At the time of peanut planting, the Ministry of Agriculture Oil Materials Experts and the National Agricultural Technology Promotion Center proposed to provide guidance on the 2015 peanut production technology based on the climate characteristics of this year.
First, the selection of varieties according to local conditions
In the spring, the peanuts in the north are selected for the mid-late ripe large fruit varieties with large yield potential and 130-140 days of growth period; the wheat-covered peanuts are selected from the early maturing large fruit varieties with a growth period of 120-130 days; the summer direct-seeding peanuts, the growth period is 115~ 125 days of early-maturing fruit or small fruit varieties; southern spring peanuts use medium- or large-fruit pearl-type varieties with a growth period of about 120 days. All localities should select high-yield, high-quality oil-type, food processing, export-oriented and other special varieties according to soil, climate, market and other conditions. When selecting varieties, it is necessary to pay attention to the characteristics of the species and the occurrence of disasters such as local droughts and floods, pests and diseases, especially in the areas where the bacterial wilt occurs (land plots), high-resistance varieties should be selected, and areas with severe rotten fruit disease should be Use a strong resistant variety. For the production areas with high degree of mechanical harvesting, the varieties with concentrated results, good maturity consistency, good toughness of the fruit stalk, and mechanized harvest should be selected.
Second, timely looting
The spring planting of large peanuts in the northern producing area requires that the ground temperature of 5cm be stable above 15°C, and the small peanuts should be stable at 12°C or above. The wheat peanuts are usually planted 15~20 days before the wheat harvest; the summer live peanuts should be harvested after the harvest of the former crops. Quenching and soil with strong sandy soil can also be sown by sticking and smashing after emergence. When the spring sowing peanuts in the south require 5cm of ground temperature to stabilize above 12 °C, it is ploughed to the cold tail and sow seeds. The relative water content of the soil at the time of sowing is 70%~75%, that is, the soil of the tillage layer can be formed into a group, and the handcuffs are loose. 10 to 15 days before sowing, shelling, shelling for 2 to 3 days before shelling, and removing moldy, damaged, and germinated seeds. Seeds should be properly preserved before sowing to prevent moisture absorption from affecting germination rate. Before planting, each seed of acre (15~17kg) is made of high-tech (60% imidacloprid seed coating) 30ml+ ä¹ä¹(2.5% flavonoids) 25ml+water 250ml or high-tech (60% imidacloprid seed dressing) 30ml+Weifu ( 20% rust rust + 20% Fumei double) 40ml + water 250ml, can effectively prevent soil-borne diseases (root rot, stem rot, crown rot, etc.) and underground pests. With mechanically harvested plots, the spacing and mechanical fit should be fully considered when planting peanuts.
Third, scientific fertilization and watering
In principle, peanut fertilization insists on the use of organic fertilizers, minimizes the use of inorganic fertilizers, and combines organic and inorganic, quick-acting and slow-release, and functional fertilizers. Acidic soil uses physiological alkaline calcium-containing fertilizers such as lime, alkaline soil can be applied with physiological acidic calcium-containing fertilizers such as gypsum, and continuous application of soil can increase lime nitrogen, biological bacterial fertilizer, etc., can significantly reduce the number of pathogens and eggs in the soil, and balance Soil microbial populations that increase soil fertility. Spring peanuts and summer peanuts sowed in foot, generally do not need to be watered during seedling stage. Appropriate drought is beneficial to root development, improve the ability of plants to resist drought and sputum, and also help shorten the first two quarters, facilitate fruit needles, and increase satiety. Fruit rate; when there is drought in the seedling stage of wheat, it should be timely watered to protect the seedlings. The mid-fertility period (flowering period and pod-forming period) is the most sensitive period for peanuts to respond to water, and it is also the period of most water demand in the whole life. The drought has a great influence on the yield. When the leaves of the plants appear wilting around noon, they should be watered in time. . In the late growth stage (full fruiting period), it should be timely and lightly watered to prevent premature senescence and aflatoxin contamination. Irrigation should not be carried out at high temperatures, otherwise it will easily cause rotten fruit. The southern peanut fields should have three smooth communication and prevent waterlogging.
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