Piglet diarrhea has become a concern in the global pig industry. After weaning, piglets will have stress symptoms such as reduced feed intake, indigestion, low feed utilization and diarrhea, which will affect the subsequent growth rate. The important role is to reduce diarrhea in weaned piglets through nutritional optimization. Therefore, the nutrition of the teaching material has become the focus of research in the industry, and its protein content and feed intake have received extensive attention.
The cost of the trough is only 3% of the total production input of the finishing pig, but this tiny part controls the production performance of a pig with a body weight of 115 kg. According to Dr. Johann Hammerer of Saumann Agricultural Trading (Shanghai) Co., Ltd., piglets can save 1.7 kg of milk per gram of feed before weaning, and avoid a loss of 0.9 kg in sows. According to the data, there are currently no more than 20 real producers of domestic teaching materials. The mainstream price is 6,000-8,000 yuan/ton, and the gross profit margin of manufacturers is 20-30%. The national market penetration rate is less than 30%, which will become Blue sea of ​​feed manufacturers.
Teaching materials can reduce the use of soybean meal,
A crude protein (CP) content of more than 20% is a common formulation for teaching materials. Kees Geerse (Netherlands), a nutrition consultant at Putai Yonghe (Beijing) Pig Consultant Co., Ltd., believes that feeding piglets with low-protein feeds does not have to worry about their growth performance. Feeding CP17%-18% of the feed can reduce the amount of nitrogen in the intestines of the pigs, thereby reducing damage to the intestinal wall. Kees Geerse suggested that pigs should be fed low-protein feeds to the weaned pigs, and then fed normal or high-protein feeds. The daily gain, daily feed intake even exceeds the high level of protein feed that has been fed CP 22%.
“The essence of low-protein feeds is to reduce the use of soybean meal,†said Dr. David Guillou, from the Beijing Representative Office of Raman, Canada. The common nutrient component from soybeans in the “high-risk diet for diarrhea†is: 64% crude protein. 33% NDF (crude fiber), 20% crude sugar, in which the sugar in soybean can not be quickly used by piglets, it will rapidly ferment in the intestinal tract of piglets, the microbes increase sharply, and the intestinal mucosa is sharply damaged, leading to diarrhea.
“In practical applications, removing 2% soybean meal and replacing it with 2% corn has the same effect on piglets,†said Yang Zaipin, a professor at Shandong Agricultural University. He believes that high nutrient growth is always emphasized before the teaching of the material, but its essential role is to make piglets The digestive organs develop normally after weaning.
Kees Geerse believes that rapid reduction of pH in the stomach is the key to increasing digestibility, while soybean meal has the strongest pH buffering capacity in all feed ingredients, and reducing the use of soybean meal can increase protein digestibility to some extent. In addition, many low-cost formulations tend to excessively increase calcium levels, even more than 1%, which can interfere with protein digestion and enhance pH buffering capacity. “Compared with the content of 0.80%, the feedstock with a calcium content of 0.60% can increase the daily gain by 2.60% and the feed to meat ratio by 9.30%.†Yin Yulong, a researcher at the Institute of Subtropical Agroecology of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, said that The salt level of 0.3-0.4% can increase the utilization of calcium and phosphorus and reduce the emission of such mineral elements.
Protein powder to increase feed intake
The most common manifestation of “early weaning and stress syndrome in piglets†is the decrease in feed intake. Professor Peng Jian from Huazhong Agricultural University introduced serum cortisol hormone releasing factor in weaned pigs 24 hours after weaning compared with unweaned piglets. Increased by 114%, cortisol increased by 95%, stress caused intestinal dysfunction. Further reduction in feed intake leads to a decrease in the length of the intestinal villi, a reduction in the absorption area, and a decrease in the digestibility. Peng Jian believes that intestinal capacity is one of the main limiting factors limiting the feed intake of piglets below 50kg. Increasing the digestibility of piglets is the only way to increase feed intake. It is recommended that the feed material be designed with a complex diet formula of “whey powder (20-25%) + plasma protein (3-8%), fish meal (3-8%) + soybean meal + synthetic amino acid + energy feedâ€. “The sow's energy substance is lactose, and whey powder contains more than 65% lactose, which is very beneficial for absorption. However, it should be noted that for piglets weighing more than 12-15 kg, there is no benefit in feeding lactose.â€
To increase feed intake in piglets, Kees Geerse first spray-dried plasma. "Animal plasma can increase the feed intake of animals, not because of the special taste and palatability, but contains a large amount of immunoglobulin, which is beneficial to the development of digestive organs. With the outbreak of PED in the Americas, the biosafety of this material has produced Controversy, but there is no definite evidence to show that it has a negative impact."
According to the Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine of Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, if the annual slaughter of pigs is 600 million, the weight of pigs is 100kg, the pig blood yield is generally 3-5%, and the spray-dried pig plasma can be produced at 4%. (SDPP) protein powder production is 19.2-24 tons, and after 100% of domestic teaching materials are popularized, the maximum output is 1.8 million tons/year, and only 108,000 tons is needed. Even if half of SDPP is used for feed production, it does not need to be imported. To avoid the safety hazards of imported animal products.
Fishmeal is also the most obvious functional ingredient for increased feed intake, Kees Geerse stressed: “If the feed contains 2-8% fishmeal, then even simple food based on coarse grains, unprocessed soy products, and dairy ingredients. The formula can achieve good results. Compared with the soybean protein concentrate, the growth index of the fish is 1-28 days after weaning, the daily feed intake is 721g, the increase is 7.9%, and the daily gain is 577g, which is 9.5%. The ratio of meat to meat is reduced by 3.1%."
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