The energy consumption of the global construction industry accounts for about 40% of the total terminal energy consumption. Therefore, energy-saving and emission reduction in the construction industry is particularly important. As a branch of the construction industry, the waterproof industry has a great relationship with the development of low-carbon economy. Here, the author will review the development of the low-carbon economy at home and abroad in the waterproof industry, pointing out the existing problems and the direction of efforts for the reference of colleagues.
In recent years, with the promotion of the globalization trend of 'low-carbon economy', the waterproof industry has made progress towards the goal of 'energy saving, material saving, green, and emission reduction' and has accumulated some mature experiences. To sum up, to develop a low-carbon waterproof industry, domestic and international progress has been made and achievements have been made in the following aspects.
First of all, green waterproof material has developed rapidly.
Traditional oxidized bitumen membrane laminated roof, generally laying 3 or 4 layers, is a waste of resources, but also in the production and construction process of serious environmental pollution, the lack of sustainability, gradually improved performance of modified asphalt waterproof roll Replaced by wood. Nowadays, SBS and APP modified bitumen membranes have been reduced to 2 layers and can even be used in single layer construction, which greatly reduces the amount of bitumen used. Self-adhesive construction can also be used to reduce the use and volatilization of chemical solvents. The harm is greatly reduced.
The polymer waterproof membrane is free from the constraints of asphalt, and the polymer with better performance is used as the substrate. The thickness is reduced to 1.2~1.5 mm. The reinforced membrane is conducive to single-layer construction, energy saving, material saving, and CO2 emissions are further reduced. Become an ideal waterproof material. In a variety of polymer waterproof membranes, the long-term use can be seen: EPDM, polyvinyl chloride (PVC), thermoplastic polyolefin (TPO) waterproof membrane, with good weathering and Aging function, become the three green waterproof membrane. TPO combines the physical properties of ethylene-propylene rubber with the solderability of polypropylene, no plasticizers, resistance to ozone, chemicals and certain hydrocarbon oils, resistance to microbial attack, fire-resistant products, environmentally friendly, white film The function of reflecting sunlight, saving energy, and reducing the heat island effect of the city are obvious. It can be completely recycled and used, and it is a kind of waterproof membrane with the most comprehensive functions.
Meet the requirements of environmental protection and energy conservation has become the pursuit of the goal of the development of new types of building waterproof materials, such as advanced cold-applied enhanced coating technology has attracted attention, its main advantage is the tasteless, solvent-free and environmental safety. For another example, the traditional asphalt-based waterproof coating has not been used due to its poor performance and environmental pollution, and it is located in a reactive polyurethane waterproof coating and a water-based acrylic waterproof coating. In addition, although polyurea waterproof coating is high in price, it has superior functions and has been used in construction.
Second, construction technology that meets the requirements of environmental protection and energy conservation has been promoted.
It is very important to develop green waterproof materials, which are in line with the environmental protection and energy conservation requirements of construction methods, construction materials, and implements.
The waterproof layer is laid by the full-stick method, the empty-lay method, the mechanical fixing method, and the backing full-stick method. Among them, the empty cloth top pressing method and the mechanical fixing method greatly reduce the consumption of adhesive, and is an effective low-carbon construction technology. The former has many applications abroad, and the domestic one is basically blank; the latter is the mainstream installation method for single-layer roofs in foreign countries. With the introduction of single-layer roofing technology in China, such installation methods are becoming more and more common in China.
Self-adhesive membranes have been widely used and are significantly superior to thermal bonding, cold bonding and hot melting in energy conservation and emission reduction. Self-adhesive modified bituminous waterproofing membranes have been widely used as the bottom layer of double-layered asphalt waterproofing systems, and self-adhesive waterproofing membranes based on pvc and TPO have also been developed. In addition, the self-adhesive webs used for pre-paving anti-sticking and wet laying methods have been favored and developed and applied in recent years due to convenient construction, improved efficiency, solving dredge problems, and reducing solvent and energy consumption. Hot spot. Hot air welding machines are effective and environmentally friendly for joint welding of pvc and TPO, and CO2 emissions are significantly reduced. In recent years, hot air welding machines for the modification of asphalt joints have also been introduced in foreign countries. Instead of torch welding, the drawbacks of the torches that pollute the environment and are prone to misfiring are avoided.
In addition, a variety of energy-saving and environmentally friendly new types of roofs are gradually replacing traditional roofs:
1. Planting roof
Planting roofs have very significant energy-saving and emission-reduction effects: 1) Energy conservation, winter insulation, summer cooling, 25% savings in air-conditioning costs in the summer, and 2) extension of the service life of the waterproof layer used in the modified bitumen membrane in the system After 30 years, it can still maintain good performance; 3) sound insulation; 4) fire prevention; 5) beautify the environment; 6) absorb and accumulate atmospheric precipitation, reduce the discharge of rainwater by 10% to 15%; 7) clean the air, reduce it by 10% ~15% Dust particles; 8) Reducing the urban heat island effect. With so many functions and benefits, planting roofing is rapidly being promoted. Waterproofing companies have developed root-resistant puncture-proof waterproofing membranes, researched planting roofing systems, and brought planting roofing techniques to market.
Planting roofs are mainly lightweight, extensive (grass-based) and intensive farming (roof garden). In addition, the container-type roofing system is convenient for paving and moving and is also a desirable form of planting roof.
The planting roof consists of vegetation, growth medium, root barrier layer, drainage filter layer, waterproof layer, insulation layer and vapor barrier layer, and the root resistance layer and waterproof layer are particularly critical. The waterproof layer mainly uses double modified bituminous membranes (one of which is required to have anti-root puncture function). In foreign countries, EPDM, pvc, TPO, laminated linoleum, polyurethane coating, hot paving rubber bitumen, Ma Dili, etc. are also available. application.
The development of foreign planting roofs was earlier. Some well-known waterproof and roofing enterprises all had their own well-developed roofing systems and technologies. In recent years, due to various aspects of the promotion, the planting roofs have begun to receive attention and the development has been rapid. Many water-proof companies have started to enter the market. This area.
2. Single roof
The single-layer coil roofing system (referred to as single-layer roofing) mainly refers to the roofing system using single-layer pvc, TPO, and EPDM coils. The single-story roof saves materials and energy, improves construction efficiency, has a long life, and has low carbon emissions. It is the development direction of roof waterproofing materials and waterproof technology. Single-storey roofing is a major roofing system technology in Europe and the United States. It has a large market share in roofing projects. The United States accounts for about 55%, Japan about 30%, and Europe has 24%. In China, with the acceleration of the internationalization of the waterproofing industry in recent years, single-layer roofing systems have entered China and received attention and development. Some companies have already invested in or are planning to invest in the production of polymer waterproof membranes that can be used on single-layer roofs, and have gradually adopted them in single-layer roofing projects.
3. Metal roofing
Metal roofs include steel, aluminum, stainless steel, and copper. The most commonly used steel roof is that it has significant energy saving and emission reduction characteristics: 1) Many metals have energy-saving effects, which can save air-conditioning costs by 10% to 30%; 2) Light weight , can be directly laid on the existing roof; 3) long life, low life cycle costs; 4) good fire resistance; 5) solar reflectance of up to 70%, the emissivity of up to 95%; 6) renewable use, Many metal roofs contain renewable materials ranging from 25% to 95%.
Therefore, metal roofing is a good green roofing material and its application abroad is growing rapidly. Metal roofing is one of the fastest growing roofs in the United States. In 2006, the amount of concrete was up to 92.9 million m2. It is expected that the average annual growth rate in residential and non-residential buildings will reach nearly 4% by 2011. In recent years, metal roofs have been widely used in culture and sports buildings, terminal buildings, and large-scale factories.
4. Photovoltaic roof
Photovoltaic roofs absorb sunlight and convert them into electricity. They are emerging clean energy sources and have the potential to replace petroleum and coal. They are currently entering a period of rapid development.
In foreign countries, there is a technology that combines flexible thin-film PV modules and single-layer waterproof membranes in a factory. It can be applied to existing suitable roof systems, or when used as a new roof system, traditional roof construction methods are used. And technology, easy to install.
Photovoltaic roofing is at the initial stage in China. The state has issued a series of supportive policies to encourage development. It is believed that waterproofing companies will soon enter this emerging field.
5. Cold Roofing and Pressure Roofing
Cold roofing is generally composed of white or light-colored polymer waterproof membrane or waterproof coating, which can save air conditioning costs by 10% to 40%. Cold roofs have been researched and applied abroad. The United States requires that the initial solar reflectance of cold roofs be no less than 65%, and no less than 50% after three years of use. Pvc, TPO, EPDM and waterproof coatings are all white products with high solar reflectance, TPO's solar reflectance reaches 87%, and white acrylic protective coatings are as high as 90%. Silicone-based protective coatings have similar Features.
Cold roofs for slope roofs are also being developed and promoted. Dark-colored asphalt shingles with a reflectivity of not less than 25% and clay tiles and metal tiles with a reflectance of not less than 45% have been studied. The main method is to set white. Underlying and adding pigments that reflect sunlight.
Research on cold roofs in China has not yet really started.
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