Cabbage is the abbreviation of cabbage, which is a biennial vegetable of the genus Cruciferae. It is one of the main vegetables in spring, summer and autumn. With the adjustment of the planting structure, the planting area across the country has expanded year by year in recent years. After several years of experimentation and exploration, we have basically mastered the high-yield seed production technology of cabbage, which has been increased from 45-50 kg per mu to 90-100 kg. The technical points of seed production are now introduced as follows.
First, sowing seedlings
1. The sowing period is based on the sowing date test, and the parents are planted in stages in early September. Choose fertile, well-drained soil, and make a small sorghum with a width of 1.2 meters and a length of 20 meters. There are drainage ditch around the sputum. Each shovel casts 200-250 kilograms of high-quality ring fertilizer and 2.5 kilograms of diammonium phosphate. Shallow planing 2-3 times, so that the soil is fully mixed, fine and smooth. Watering before sowing, after the water has been infiltrated, sprinkle a thin layer of fine turned soil on the surface, mix the prepared seeds with a proper amount of fine sand, spread evenly in the pot, and then cover 0.5- 1 cm thick fine cover soil.
2. When the seedlings are divided into 2 to 3 true leaves, the seedling transplant can be carried out. With the same flat, leave 60-70 cm of open space for easy management. Each sorghum is applied with 200-250 kg of decomposed soil and fertilizer, and 2.5 kg of compound fertilizer. After the application, it is 3-4 times. Open a small ditch on the seedling bed, pour a proper amount of water, plant the seedlings and lay them flat, and compact them by hand.
3. Seedling management should be timely watering when there is drought in the surface. There are many pests in the whole seedling stage, and it is necessary to spray drugs in time. After watering in the early stage, it is necessary to slash in time to make the soil loose. 5-6 pieces of true leaves, depending on the soil fertility status, combined with watering, a nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium compound fertilizer, each 2-3 kg.
Second, winter management
The size of the plant before wintering is the key to determining whether it can withstand the effects of low temperature and convulsions in the coming year. The general variety of stems need to reach 0.7 cm or more, the leaf width is more than 5 cm, and the temperature of 5 ° C - 6 ° C can pass vernalization. Under normal circumstances, the plants have reached more than 1 cm before wintering and form a loose leaf ball.
Third, preparation before planting
1. Within 2000 meters of the isolation condition, it is necessary to ensure that there are no other varieties of cabbage, cauliflower, broccoli, Brassica napus, kale and other vegetable varieties that are easy to cross with cabbage.
2. Site preparation, fertilization, and sputum shall be uniformly applied to each 667 square meters of 5,000 kg of decomposed and fine soil, 15 kg of diammonium phosphate, 20 kg of compound fertilizer, and ploughed and flattened to make a flat of 1 m wide. The surface is flattened and a drainage ditch is provided for colonization.
3. When the seedlings are not damaged by freezing, the earlier the planting, the higher the yield. Planted in mid-March. The ratio of parents is 1:1. Before the planting, the seedbed bed was removed and mixed. When planting, each row is planted 2 rows, the plant spacing is 0.4-0.5 meters, 2800-3000 plants are planted per 667 square meters, and the plants are planted side by side, and the plants are interlaced internally. In order to facilitate management and coordinate flowering, the parent and female seedlings can be planted according to the size of the large and small seedlings.
Fourth, post-plant management
1. After watering and fertilizing, the seedlings are poured with a large amount of water, and according to the soil fertility and the growth of the seedlings, 15 kg of urea is applied per 667 square meters of watering. The watering should be controlled before and after the convulsion to avoid excessive growth. Into the full bloom period combined with watering, each 667 square meters can be applied with 15-20 kg of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium compound fertilizer. After that, the water supply should be sufficient, and the number of watering starts before the harvest.
2. Strictly, the hybrid plants should be inspected in the field before flowering, and the inferior plants and hybrid plants should be removed in time to ensure the purity of the seeds.
3. To adjust the flowering period to prepare a generation of hybrids, it is necessary to make the two parents' flowering period consistent, in order to ensure mutual pollination and harvesting the true F1 generation seeds.
4. Stent, topping and topping are used to prevent the growth of the seedlings from affecting the yield. When entering the full bloom period, the bamboo shoots or ropes should be used as much as possible to promote the multi-branched and multi-pod, and increase the yield.
5. Pollination cabbage is a worm flower, and the main medium for pollination is bees. The production of bees can significantly increase seed yield. Therefore, bee boxes should be set up in the field, and artificial pollination can be carried out if necessary.
6, pest control system The main pests in the field are aphids, cabbage caterpillars and leaf miners, which are responsible for the growth of cabbage. The control of aphids can be used with imidacloprid, Wanling, etc., and the leaf miner can use green leaf treasure. After May 20, spray once a day, even spray 2-3 times.
V. Harvest
The seeds are harvested in time after ripening. The harvest is too early, the grain fullness is poor, affecting the seed yield and quality; the harvest is too late, the seed pod bursts, resulting in reduced yield, to grasp the plant yellow ripe can be harvested.
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