Summer black grapes, also known as summer black non-nuclear, oriental black pearls, native to Japan, European and American hybrids, is an excellent grape variety with many advantages. Its main features are: large ears, large ears, beautiful shape, early maturity, easy coloring, storage and transportation, rich flavor, hard and brittle flesh, high sugar content, good taste, strong disease resistance, high yield and stable yield, deeply consumed Favorite.
Since the successful introduction of Xiahei grape in Guangxi Xing'an County in 2006, due to the high quality and high sales of Xiahe grape, the yield is higher than that of Jufeng grape. The yield per mu is between 15,000 and 20,000 yuan. The cultivation benefit is very significant and the planting area is expanding rapidly. It is estimated that the county's summer black grapes have exceeded 10,000 mu. However, when the yield of Xiahe grape exceeds 4,000 kg, its quality is seriously affected by insufficient nutrient supply, mainly due to maturity delay, inconsistent maturity of the same ear, soft flesh, lightening of taste, and even the whole ear becomes "The result", losing the value of the goods. The high yield of Xiahe grape can not achieve high quality, which has become a big problem faced by Xing'an summer black grape growers.
Since last year, the Xing'an County Science and Technology Bureau has taken the opportunity of implementing the “Promotion and Application of Standardized Cultivation Techniques for Quality Grapes in the South†by the Guangxi Science and Technology Department, and adopting the internationally advanced high-tech – biotechnology to cultivate summer black grapes and make Xing'an Summer Black Grapes. High quality and high yield have achieved harmony and unity.
The Guangxi Science and Technology Department organized the authoritative grape experts to measure the production on the spot. The yield of the Xiahe grape planting demonstration base in Xing'an County was as high as 3,207 kg, the commercial fruit weight was 2882.6 kg, the commodity fruit rate was 86.9%, and the average ear weight was 0.66 kg. The fruit weight is 9.9 grams; in terms of quality, it has the characteristics of deep black color, thick fruit powder and sweet taste, and the inherent quality of all aspects of Xiahe grape is fully manifested.
It is concluded that the key technologies for high-quality and high-yield Xia'an grape in Xing'an County mainly include:
First, apply enough base fertilizer
Fertilization time is generally applied from late September to mid-October. When applying the base fertilizer in spring, it must be applied 4 weeks before the germination of the grapes to prevent the roots from being damaged and the wounds are affected, which affects the growth of the grapes. Farmyard manure, cake fertilizer and biological fertilizer; the amount of application can be 2000-3000 kg of decomposed organic fertilizer per mu, 50-75 kg of superphosphate or calcium magnesium phosphate, and 2.3 kg of boron fertilizer, which can be applied to the field of calcium deficiency Shell powder 50 kg, compound fertilizer 10 kg; fertilization method: along the sides of the planting line ditch into the groove width of 30 cm wide, groove depth 45 ~ 50 cm. When ditching, the topsoil and the raw soil are open. Before fertilizing, first fill a layer of topsoil of about 10 cm, then apply the base fertilizer and fill the topsoil.
Second, scientific disease prevention
Take prevention as the main factor. The grape double-cover technology and bagging technology will be widely promoted, and biological fungicides such as “reverse biochemistry†will be used to spray once every 10-15 days.
Third, timely topdressing
In the summer of the first year, the topdressing of the summer is 1 time, which is 1 time before flowering, early berry growth and 1 month before ripening. In the early stage of topdressing, most of the nitrogen fertilizer was applied, and phosphorus and potassium fertilizers were applied less. In the later stage, phosphorus and potassium fertilizers were applied, and nitrogen fertilizer was applied less.
When applying topdressing, add 2 kg of “plant blood†bio-fertilizer according to 50 kg of compound fertilizer, or add 10 packs of 45 ml of “fertilizer potassium†bio-fertilizer, which can significantly promote the absorption and utilization of various elements of compound fertilizer by grape. Promote root growth and enhance root absorption.
In addition, in combination with pest control, “plant blood†and “fertilizer potassium†biological fertilizers are sprayed every 10-15 days. It can make the leaves thick, the leaves are rich, increase the chlorophyll content, improve the photosynthesis efficiency and enhance the disease resistance. In order to fully meet the high demand for high nutrient content of summer black grapes.
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