After the 1970s, after extensive research abroad, dozens of slow-release and controlled-release fertilizers have been introduced. This fertilizer high-tech can better control the release rate of fertilizer nutrients, and the nitrogen utilization rate is as high as 60% to 70%. It is called “the fertilizer of the 21st century†without being affected by complicated factors such as soil type.
Slow-release fertilizer can change the traditional fertilization method, and can realize one-time fertilization on a variety of crops, without topdressing, simplifying fertilization procedures, and making sowing and fertilization simultaneously, thereby greatly reducing agricultural labor intensity and increasing labor productivity. It has a long-acting effect of slow release, which can greatly improve the utilization rate of fertilizer, save resources in the same production level of the same crop, reduce the amount of fertilizer application, reduce costs and increase farmers' income.
First, the concept and characteristics of slow release fertilizers The concept of slow release fertilizers is a new type of fertilizer that slows or controls the rate of nutrient release. Slow release fertilizers in a broad sense include two types of slow release fertilizers and controlled release fertilizers.
“Slow release†means that the release rate of chemical nutrients is much smaller than that of instant fertilizers, and it is converted into the release rate of plant available nutrients after being applied to the soil; “controlled release†refers to the release of nutrients according to various regulatory mechanisms. The defined release pattern (release rate and release time) is consistent with the law of crop nutrient absorption. Therefore, biodegradable organic nitrogen compounds (such as urea formaldehyde UF) fertilizers are often referred to as slow release fertilizers (SRF), while coated fertilizers that are insensitive to biological and chemical factors are often referred to as controls. Release fertilizer (CRF).
According to the European Standards Committee, if the nutrient release at 25~C can meet the following three conditions, the fertilizer can be called slow release fertilizer: (1) 24 hours release is not more than 15%: (2) 28 days release is not More than 75%; (3) At least 75% are released within the specified time.
The sustained release of the fertilizer is usually evaluated by the dissolution rate of the fertilizer in water. Slow-release fertilizers are usually produced in four main ways: 1) Synthesis of slow-dissolving organic nitrogen fertilizers such as urea formaldehyde (UF), isobutylidene deuterate (1BDU), etc.; 2) synthesis of slow-dissolving inorganic nitrogen fertilizers such as ammonium ammonium phosphate ( NH4MgP04), etc.; 3) coated (wrap) slow-release/controlled-release fertilizers, such as sulfur-coated urea, coated urea, Nutricote CAFS, Luxuriance; 4) production inhibitor-modified slow-release fertilizers, such as long Effect of ammonium bicarbonate (addition of DCD), long-acting urea (addition of HQ).
2. Characteristics of slow-release fertilizers 1 The solubility in water is small, the release of nutrients in the soil is slow, and the loss of nutrients is reduced;
2 fertilizer effect is long-term, stable, and the energy source continuously supplies the demand for nutrients throughout the growing season;
8 has a low salt index, a large amount of application will not "burn seedlings";
4 reduce the number and frequency of fertilization, saving costs;
5 Suitable for different types of soil and plants, effectively preventing soil compaction.
Second, the types of slow-release fertilizers Slow-release fertilizers mainly include two categories, one is a slow-release fertilizer made by chemical reaction, and the other is a controlled-release fertilizer made by wrapping.
1. Type of slow release fertilizer
Slow-release fertilizers are mainly slow-acting nitrogen fertilizers, also known as long-acting nitrogen fertilizers, and generally have low solubility in water. After being applied to the soil, under the influence of chemical and biological factors, the fertilizer gradually decomposes and the nitrogen is slowly released, which satisfies the nitrogen requirement of the whole growth period of the crop and reduces the leaching, volatilization and denitrification of nitrogen. The damage caused by the action will not cause damage to the crop due to the high concentration. At the same time, it can save labor because of the one-time application of the base fertilizer, and solve the difficulty of top dressing in the late planting situation.
The slow-acting nitrogen fertilizer is mainly a low-water-soluble polymer formed by the reaction of urea and aldehyde. After entering the soil, the polymer gradually decomposes and releases urea under the action of chemical or microbial. At present, there are mainly urea formaldehyde, urea iso-butan aldehyde, urea aldehyde, oxalic acid amide and the like.
2. Controlled-release fertilizers The controlled release fertilizers are based on granular fertilizers (nitrogen or nitrogen-phosphorus compound fertilizers), coated with a layer of low- or slightly soluble inorganic or organic polymers such as sulfur, asphalt, and resins. As a film-forming substance, polyethylene, paraffin, phosphate rock powder, etc., are gradually decomposed by the diffusion of the envelope or the coating to release nutrients. When the fertilizer granules come into contact with the moist soil, the fertilizer absorbs the water vapor, so the water-soluble nutrients begin to diffuse slowly and continuously through the micropores in the coating. The rate of release is only affected by soil temperature, which also affects the rate at which plants absorb nutrients. Therefore, the rate at which the fertilizer releases nutrients is consistent with the rate of nutrient demand of the plants at different growth stages. At present, there are mainly sulfur-coated urea, thermosetting resin coated fertilizer, thermoplastic resin coated fertilizer, polymer coated sulfur coated urea, fertilizer-coated fertilizer controlled release fertilizer.
Third, the status quo of China's slow release fertilizer research
Although the research and development of slow-release fertilizers in China started late, it has developed rapidly. By 2002, China had applied for 30 patents on slow/controlled release fertilizers. The research content involves the following aspects: First, the mechanism and effect of inhibitors inhibiting nitrogen release: second, ammonium bicarbonate long-acting research: third, urea modification technology research; fourth, controlled-release materials research.
The Institute of Soil Science of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, from the late 1960s to the early 1970s, successfully developed ammonium bicarbonate fertilizer and long-acting ammonium bicarbonate and long-acting urea coated with calcium magnesium phosphate, but did not form large-scale production.
The Shenyang Institute of Ecology of the Chinese Academy of Sciences has for the first time confirmed the synergistic effect of the urease inhibitor hydroquinone (HQ) and the nitrification inhibitor dicyandiamide (DCD) on the slow release of urea nitrogen, and applied it to the production of slow-release fertilizer. Developed and developed long-acting urea (Patent No.1), nitrogen fertilizer synergist (Patent No.x), potent ammonium bicarbonate (Patent No.7) and long-acting compound fertilizer (Patent No.8; 98113795.4) ), etc., realized theoretical and technological innovation, with high theoretical significance and promotion value.
The Shijiazhuang Institute of Agricultural Modernization of the Chinese Academy of Sciences has successfully developed the “coated urea†production technology. The key technology is the preparation and coating process of the coating liquid. The coating liquid is a colloidal substance synthesized by organic and inorganic substances, and the composition ratio of various substances is determined according to different agro-ecological conditions, and is prepared under specific process conditions. The coating process uses a new process of spraying in the production tower, and the heat of the urea itself is used to dry the coating once. The production process is simple, the raw materials are easy to obtain, the investment is small, and the market potential is large. Experts said that after urea coating treatment, it has the characteristics of significant sustained release, long-acting and high efficiency, and can improve the agglomeration traits, not easy to absorb moisture, and easy to apply. After extensive testing, nitrogen utilization increased by an average of 6 percentage points, crop yield increased by about 0%, and environmental pollution was greatly reduced.
The scientific and technical personnel of the Institute of Soil and Fertilizer, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences and the Institute of Atomic Energy and Hunan Agricultural University have developed chemical fertilizers, micro-emulsification and high-shear technology to produce nano-fertilizers with sustained release properties. The cement binder of the nano-fertilizer has a micelle diameter of 100 nm or less. The small size effect of the nano-materials can make the fertilizer particles have a magnetic effect, so that the fertilizer nutrients are more easily absorbed by the plants and effectively stimulate the growth of the plants.
After many years of painstaking research, experts from the Institute of Plant Nutrition and Resources of Beijing Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences have taken the lead in developing a new type of slow-release fertilizer that is leading domestically. Among them, zeolite-coated urea and its compound fertilizer have obtained national invention patents and national standards in 1996. The new product certificate won the municipal science and technology progress award and the city promotion first prize. Controlled and sustained release coated urea, passed the expert appraisal in 1997. At the same time, China's first spraying urea coating technology processing equipment was developed. By mediating the coating material, the slow release rate of the fertilizer in the soil can be controlled, no burning, no damage to the roots. In a variety of crops on the town - secondary fertilization, without top dressing, simplify the fertilization process, so that sowing and fertilization simultaneously, thereby greatly reducing the agricultural labor intensity and improving labor productivity.
Shandong Agricultural University has successfully developed a series of coated controlled release fertilizer products with controlled release time ranging from 70 to 400 days. The core technology is membrane materials and corresponding additives. The number and size of pores on the membrane can be set by adjusting the formula. Control the release of nutrients. The nutrient release of controlled release fertilizer is mainly limited by temperature, moisture and other conditions, and the release time and release peak period can be adjusted according to the needs of the crop.
The coated controlled release fertilizer developed by the College of Resources and Environment of China Agricultural University is an environmentally friendly fertilizer and a hot spot and focus in the development of new international fertilizers. After more than five years of research, the following research results have been obtained: (1) The composite membrane material with polymer material as the main body has been developed, which has the effects of controlled release, photothermal degradability and biodegradability. The processing equipment with the core bed coating tower as the core was established and improved, and the “POCF†coating process and corresponding technical regulations were established. (2) The online test method and corresponding evaluation criteria for the slow/controlled release fertilizer in China were developed, which provided a scientific basis for the quality control and product quality evaluation of this type of fertilizer. (3) On the basis of studying the commercial traits of coated fertilizer, soil agrochemical traits, agronomic traits, environmental benefits and economic benefits, a comprehensive evaluation system for slow/controlled release fertilizers was established to improve the health of slow/controlled release fertilizers in China. Development has important theoretical and practical significance. (4) According to the crop nutrition rules, design the corresponding controlled release parameters (initial dissolution rate, differential dissolution rate, release period), through the optimization of membrane material and coating process, develop lower cost vegetables, lawn, flowers, corn Special coated controlled release fertilizer. It has created a high-tech fertilizer product technology platform that combines soil and plant nutrition regulation theory with modern fertilizer engineering technology.
The Soil and Fertilizer Institute of the Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences has been conducting research on slow-release fertilizer since the 1990s, especially in recent years. The self-developed plant-based composite controlled-release coating material is applied to the new process of mixing and coating, and the first to develop cheap, high-efficiency and long-acting fertilizer products in China. The composite controlled release coating material contains natural phytochemicals and the like, and can slowly hydrolyze and release the fertilizer nutrients in the field, maintain the soil adsorption capacity to the nutrient segregant, and inhibit the leaching, volatilization and loss of nitrogen nutrients. In order to achieve the goal of maintaining a slow supply of fertilizer nitrogen nutrients for a long time. More important is the microbial agent for the capsule, which contains a variety of beneficial crops and soil strains, which can promote nutrient absorption, thereby reducing the amount of chemical fertilizer: it can degrade soil pollutants, remove heavy metal and pesticide hazards, and pay more and more attention to the resource environment around the world. Today's protection and quality of agricultural products show great superior performance.
The Soil and Fertilizer Institute of Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences has carried out extensive exploration and research and developed a successful release of Yefei. It firstly uses urea as the core fertilizer, inorganic salt as the main and sub-coating materials, and adopts the adhesive coating film forming process to develop a new type of coated controlled-release slow-release nitrogen fertilizer, which is then blended with quick-acting large-grain fertilizer. In turn, it becomes a slow-release BB fertilizer with a long-lasting effect. The sustained-release BB fertilizer has the following advantages: (1) the proportion of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium nutrients is flexibly formulated; (2) the fertilizer dosage is reduced, the utilization rate is improved; (3) the application is convenient and the labor saving is safe; (4) the section is increased in production and income.
Hunan Provincial Academy of Agricultural Sciences, soil and fertilizer, natural and semi-natural polymer materials for the main film, the development of new fertilizers, successfully solved the core technical problems of fertilizer controllable nutrient release within 30 to 330 days, developed a degradable membrane controlled release fertilizer and Special controlled release fertilizer for rice. At the same time, they have also developed a precise fertilization technology for controlled release fertilizer of rice, which replaces the traditional fertilization method with one-time full-scale fertilization, and can reduce the nitrogen fertilizer consumption by one-third per mu.
LUXECOTE, developed by the Lexi Phosphate and Compound Fertilizer Technology Research and Development Center of Zhengzhou University, is based on water-soluble nitrogen fertilizer such as urea, and is coated with inorganic plant nutrients (such as magnesium ammonium phosphate) with various solubility. All the ingredients of the whole packaged fertilizer are plant nutrients. After being applied to the soil, it will not cause any residue pollution and is environmentally friendly. The degree of sustained release can be varied by adjusting the composition and structure of the wrap layer.
Lexi Shi controlled release fertilizer has won the invention patents of China and the United States, and won the third prize of the national technology invention, which is a high-tech product recognized by the state. Since 1995, the products have been exported to the United States, Australia, Singapore and other countries. And in China, the United States has established a production line with a total production capacity of 100,000 tons / year. Lexisch controlled release fertilizer is the first low-cost controlled release compound fertilizer to fully reduce the cost of turf maintenance. The British magazine "FertilizerInternational" praised it as "China's first, future fertilizer."
The Soil and Fertilizer Research Institute of Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences vigorously promoted the application of balanced fertilization technology, and closely followed the latest developments in the development of fertilizers. In the 1970s, it began to study the release of primary fertilizers for controlled release fertilizers. According to the research results, cotton slow release fertilizer, grape slow release fertilizer, melon slow release fertilizer and other products have been introduced, which has been welcomed by the market and the attention of researchers at home and abroad. The completed project of "Coated Slow-release Turf Fertilizer Research" has made important progress. The project has carried out in-depth research on the aspects of wrapping materials, binders and production processes, and the sustained-release effect of the mineral-encapsulated turf fertilizer produced is obvious. It was warmly welcomed by the greening units such as Urumqi City Garden Bureau and Dushanzi Refinery, and the products were in short supply.
The humic acid-coated urea (UHA) developed by the Shanxi Institute of Coal Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, is a low-cost natural weathered coal humic acid that is activated and mixed with a small amount of binder and trace elements, which are then wrapped in urea granules and wrapped. It accounts for 15-25% of the total product. This not only exerts the chemical biological effects of humic acid itself to promote fertilizer efficiency, promote stress resistance, improve soil, inhibit soil urease and nitrifying bacteria, but also effectively control the release and decomposition rate of urea, and also provides necessary traces for crops. Nutritional element is a multifunctional ecological nitrogen fertilizer.
China's research and development of slow-release fertilizers are also Beijing University of Chemical Technology (polymer coated compound fertilizer), Tsinghua University (coated urea, (UHA), is the use of cheap natural weathered coal humic acid after activation, mixed with a small amount of sticky The knot and trace elements are wrapped on the urea granules, and the coating layer accounts for 15-25% of the total amount of the product. This not only promotes the humic acid itself, promotes fertilizer efficiency, promotes stress resistance, improves soil, inhibits soil urease and nitrification. The chemical and biological effects of bacterial activity, and effectively control the release and decomposition rate of urea, also provide the necessary micronutrients for crops, and is a multifunctional ecological nitrogen fertilizer.
China's research and development of slow-release fertilizers are also Beijing University of Chemical Technology (polymer coated compound fertilizer), Tsinghua University (coated urea, coated compound fertilizer), Institute of Chemical Metallurgy, Chinese Academy of Sciences (lignin slow release fertilizer) Beijing Garden Research Institute and Beijing Research Institute of Chemical Industry (phenolic resin coated compound fertilizer), South China Agricultural University (waste wrapped slow release fertilizer), Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences (ore powder coated slow release fertilizer), Zhejiang University (aggregation Coated urea), Northeastern University Magnetic Fertilizer Research Institute (coated multi-magnetic fertilizer for turf), Lanzhou Petrochemical Research Institute (high-intensity slow-release urea), Jilin Normal University (inhibitor-type slow release fertilizer), Hunan Province Institute of Geology of the Resource Department (sepimar long-acting fertilizer).
At present, the more mature slow-release fertilizer technologies include inhibitor-type slow-release fertilizer from the Shenyang Institute of Ecology of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, fertilizer-type slow-release fertilizer from Zhengzhou University, rice slow-release fertilizer from Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, and polymers from Beijing Academy of Agricultural Sciences. Coated fertilizer, polymer coated fertilizer from Shandong Agricultural University, and coated slow-release fertilizer from Shijiazhuang Agricultural Modernization Institute of Chinese Academy of Sciences. Among them, the first three products have been promoted and applied in a certain area, especially in field crops. The polymer coated fertilizers of Beijing Academy of Agricultural Sciences and Shandong Agricultural University also have pilot equipment and factories. The product quality is relatively stable and the sustained release period is relatively long. It can be used in horticultural crops. The product release period of Shijiazhuang Agricultural Modernization Institute is compared. Short, best used in field crops, and low cost, market competitive.
These research and development achievements have shown that the research on slow release fertilizer in China has made great progress. The developed slow release fertilizer has reached the quality standards and levels of similar foreign products. It is believed that the industrialization of slow release fertilizer in China will be as soon as possible. achieve. However, there is still a lot of work to be done to further reduce the production cost of slow-release fertilizers and expand the scope of application as soon as possible.
Fourth, the status of China's slow release fertilizer production
Although the production of slow-release fertilizers in China has been for many years, only the urease inhibitor-type slow-release fertilizers of the Institute of Ecological Research of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, the fertilizer-fertilizer slow-release fertilizers of the Zhengzhou University Institute of Technology, and the Guangdong Agricultural Science and Technology The slow-release rice fertilizer of the fertilizer plant and the slow-release BB fertilizer of Shanghai Hanfeng Slow-release Fertilizer Co., Ltd. Urine enzyme inhibitor-type slow-release fertilizer has been transferred to more than a dozen companies, and nearly 100 companies produce such slow-release fertilizers by purchasing slow-release raw materials. Most of these enterprises are in the northeast, and a small number are enterprises in North China and Northwest China. The fertilizers produced are mainly sold to the northeast, and a total of 500,000 tons have been promoted. Fertilizer-fertilized slow-release fertilizers have also been transferred to more than a dozen companies, one of which is an American company. At present, Henan Sanmenxia Compound Fertilizer Plant and Shandong Jinan Lexi Shi Fertilizer Co., Ltd. can produce and sell 30,000-50,000 tons per year. The Sanmenxia Compound Fertilizer Plant has exported 10,000 tons of slow-release fertilizer from Thailand since 2004. The rice slow-release fertilizer of Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences is mainly promoted by the government and can be promoted 5,000-10,000 tons per year. Here are a few slow-release fertilizer producers with large production scales in China:
Shanghai Hanfeng Slow Release Fertilizer Co., Ltd. is a large-scale slow-release fertilizer production enterprise jointly invested by Hanfeng Group and Nu-Gro Corporation of Canada. The company is located in Sunqiao National Agricultural Science and Technology Development Park, Pudong New Area, Shanghai. The first phase of the project has a total investment of 55 million yuan and was put into operation on April 29, 2004. The company introduces Nu-Gro's core production technology, with high degree of automation in production equipment and advanced research and development and testing methods. The annual designed production capacity is more than 20,000 tons, mainly producing agricultural slow release fertilizer, forestry slow release fertilizer and high grade slow release fertilizer.
Hanfeng slow-release fertilizer is imported into SCU, IBDU, etc. as a slow-release nitrogen raw material, and is added into high-grade slow-release fertilizer by adding inorganic fertilizer, amino acid organic fertilizer, OA active agent, medium and trace elements and other raw materials. The company also plans to build slow-release fertilizer production enterprises in Zhejiang, Jiangsu, Shandong, Hebei, Heilongjiang and other provinces and cities, and expand the production scale of slow-release fertilizers, with a view to driving the breakthrough development of the domestic slow-release fertilizer industry.
Shandong Jinan Lexi Shi Fertilizer Co., Ltd. is a comprehensive limited company integrating scientific research, product development, technology promotion and production. The “Inseparable†brand coated compound fertilizer produced by the company is based on granular soluble nitrogen fertilizer, with a variety of different solubility inorganic plant nutrients as the coating layer. Potassium fertilizer, micro-fertilizer and its chelating agent and plant can be added to the coating layer. Growth regulators, pesticides, herbicides, microorganisms, etc., are made using a proprietary process that uses fertilizer to wrap fertilizer. Among them, the environmentally-friendly controllable release fertilizer has obtained the US patent, which can greatly reduce soil pollution, reduce the number of fertilization, improve fertilizer efficiency, and increase production. It is praised by domestic and foreign experts as “a revolution in fertilization technology†and “21st centuryâ€. The direction of fertilizer development."
Shandong Laizhou Ai Dier Biotechnology Co., Ltd. is a high-tech enterprise specializing in the production of slow release fertilizer. The company has strong technical strength, high product technology content, complete variety types, slow release, long-term effect, improved crop quality, greatly improved fertilizer utilization, and reduced environmental pollution. It is widely used in flowers, lawns, vegetables, fruit trees and various crops. The company can produce a variety of special fertilizers according to user needs, with an annual output of 15,000 tons.
Dr. Agricultural Controlled Release Fertilizer produced by Shandong Jinan Agriculture Green Fertilizer Co., Ltd. is a long-lasting and continuous advanced compound fertilizer coated with organic resin. It is a good effect, no damage to roots, simple application, labor saving, environmental protection and high efficiency. fertilizer. The products are sold all over the world and are well received by the majority of agricultural products.
Henan Sanmenxia Compound Fertilizer Plant mainly produces new compound fertilizer jointly developed by Zhengzhou University with an annual output of 100,000 tons. The fertilizer is based on granular nitrogen fertilizer, and contains more than ten kinds of medium and trace elements such as ammonium phosphate, potassium fertilizer, calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer, sulfur, boron, zinc, iron and copper, and is coated with granulating sulfuric acid as binder. Made. Its characteristics are easy-to-lead, volatile plant nutrients, which are layered and wrapped by calcium, magnesium and phosphate fertilizers that are not easily leached and insoluble in water, forming an effective control of nutrient decomposition and dissolution rate, improving nutrient utilization and achieving sustained release. It can prolong fertilizer efficiency and pollution-free, and does not cause environmental pollution of soil, air and water pollution.
Lexi Shi controlled release fertilizer produced by Lexi Phosphate and Compound Fertilizer Technology Research and Promotion Center in Zhengzhou, Henan Province is a new controlled release fertilizer developed by Zhengzhou University Lexi Phosphate and Compound Fertilizer Technology Research and Promotion Center, with water-soluble nitrogen fertilizer such as urea as the core. The inorganic plant nutrients with different solubility are wrapped, so all the ingredients of the whole package fertilizer are plant nutrients, which will not cause any residue pollution after being applied to the soil and are environmentally friendly. Lexi's flexible formula can produce different nutrient ratio products according to different crop needs. It is widely used in golf stadiums, sports fields, municipal and landscape lawns, landscape plants, fruit trees and field crops. The product has uniform particle size, good particle strength and good fluidity, and can be mechanized and fertilized.
Henan Lifu Technology Co., Ltd. is mainly engaged in the production of series of fertilizers, compound fertilizers, micro-fertilizers, lawn fertilizers and flower fertilizers: and sales. The company relies on the Institute of Phosphate Fertilizer and Compound Fertilizer of Zhengzhou University to develop and produce a series of golf courses, green special fertilizers, granular sulfur fertilizer, ordinary lawn and flower special fertilizer.
Hunan Haina Xingye Chemical Co., Ltd. invested 14 million yuan in July 2002 to build a 100,000-ton production line of environmentally-friendly and high-efficiency green agricultural fertilizer Bingxi Marse controlled release special fertilizer. After the products are put into the market, due to the high technology content, the effect of increasing production and increasing income is obvious, which is favored by farmers and the demand for products is in short supply. In order to speed up the development of the enterprise and meet the needs of the users in the use of fertilizer, the company has raised more than 70 million yuan to build a second-phase project of simazine controlled release fertilizer. The annual output of 100,000 tons of tea, tobacco and other economic crops controlled release fertilizer and annual output 10 Two production lines of 10,000 tons of flowers and fruit-controlled fertilizers.
Jiangsu Tongzhou Special Fertilizer Plant produces 25,000 tons of humic acid-coated urea (UHA), which was successfully developed by Shanxi Coal Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Sciences. The UHA process is to activate a cheap natural weathered coal humic acid and then mix it with a small amount of binder and trace elements, and then wrap it on the urea granules. The wrap layer accounts for 15-25% of the total product. Due to the coating effect of humic acid and partial complexation reaction with urea, UHA not only exerts the chemical-biological effect of humic acid itself to promote fertilizer efficiency, promote stress resistance, improve soil, inhibit soil urease and nitrifying bacteria activity, and It effectively controls the release and decomposition rate of urea, and also provides the necessary micronutrients for crops. It is a multifunctional ecological nitrogen fertilizer.
China's production of slow-release fertilizers include China Petroleum & Chemical Corporation Baling Branch (super hybrid rice special slow release / controlled release compound fertilizer), Liaoning Huajin Group Jinxi Natural Gas Chemical Co., Ltd. (inhibitor type sustained release) Fei), Shanghai Dayang Ecological Organic Fertilizer Co., Ltd. (urea formaldehyde slow release fertilizer), Shenzhen Batian Compound Fertilizer Co., Ltd. (fertilizer type fertilizer slow release fertilizer), Guangzhou Yucheng Lingnan Compound Fertilizer Co., Ltd. (coated urea ), Hebei Zhangzhou Dahua Group Corporation (coated slow release urea), Shandong Province Ningjin County Fengyuan Special Fertilizer Plant (fertilizer type fertilizer slow release fertilizer), Shandong Dongping County Parcel Compound Fertilizer Co., Ltd. Released fertilizer), Dongtai Qikang Fertilizer Co., Ltd. (active long-acting coated fertilizer), Xinghua City Agricultural Music Fertilizer Co., Ltd. (fertilizer-type slow-release fertilizer), Lianyungang Hengfeng Phosphate Fertilizer Plant (fertilizer type) Slow release fertilizer), Shandong Taian Runfeng Agricultural Science and Technology Development Co., Ltd. (encapsulated controlled release fertilizer), Jiangxi Liangfeng Biochemical Industrial Co., Ltd. (inhibitor type slow release fertilizer), Zhangzhou Sanju Biotechnology Co., Ltd. (Biocontrol Release fertilizer), Jiangsu Zongheng Technology Industry Co., Ltd. (sustained release fertilizer), Beijing Aojia Fertilizer Co., Ltd. (slow release fertilizer), Liaoning East Asia Fertilizer Co., Ltd. (Fuyou long-acting compound fertilizer), Langfang Yinong Group (coated slow release fertilizer), Beijing Lianchuang Changqing Biochemical Technology Co., Ltd. (lignin slow release fertilizer), Beijing Sangsong Agricultural Ecology Technology Co., Ltd. (lignin slow release fertilizer), Guangzhou Liangtian Fertilizer Co., Ltd. (controlled release fertilizer), Hunan Liuyang Hualing Flower fertilizer plant (long-acting slow-release fertilizer), Beijing Gufeng Chemical Products Co., Ltd. (coated urea), Jinling Petrochemical Company compound fertilizer plant (high-efficiency controlled release fertilizer), Shaanxi Yangling Guangtai Fruit Tree High-tech Development Co., Ltd. Released fertilizer), Ningguo Zhonghua Sierte Fertilizer Co., Ltd. (multi-element coated slow release fertilizer), Chongqing Shichuan Taian Chemical Co., Ltd. (coated slow release fertilizer), Lanyuan Company (Green Qi brand lawn fertilizer).
In China, with the increasing use of chemical fertilizers, the problem of fertilizer modification is even more important in the pursuit of multiple targets for both agricultural products and quality and environmentally friendly. It is a simple and easy measure to develop slow release and controlled release fertilizers to improve fertilizer utilization and reduce environmental pollution. It is especially suitable for China's national conditions. The emergence of new controlled-release compound fertilizers can not only improve fertilizer utilization, ensure food security, reduce environmental pollution, and can meet the needs of crops in one application. Some new fertilizers also have functions such as insecticide and weeding. Reducing the labor intensity of farmers will certainly be welcomed by the majority of farmers.
Author: Xu Bo from: Taizhou City, Jiangsu Province
Slow-release fertilizer can change the traditional fertilization method, and can realize one-time fertilization on a variety of crops, without topdressing, simplifying fertilization procedures, and making sowing and fertilization simultaneously, thereby greatly reducing agricultural labor intensity and increasing labor productivity. It has a long-acting effect of slow release, which can greatly improve the utilization rate of fertilizer, save resources in the same production level of the same crop, reduce the amount of fertilizer application, reduce costs and increase farmers' income.
First, the concept and characteristics of slow release fertilizers The concept of slow release fertilizers is a new type of fertilizer that slows or controls the rate of nutrient release. Slow release fertilizers in a broad sense include two types of slow release fertilizers and controlled release fertilizers.
“Slow release†means that the release rate of chemical nutrients is much smaller than that of instant fertilizers, and it is converted into the release rate of plant available nutrients after being applied to the soil; “controlled release†refers to the release of nutrients according to various regulatory mechanisms. The defined release pattern (release rate and release time) is consistent with the law of crop nutrient absorption. Therefore, biodegradable organic nitrogen compounds (such as urea formaldehyde UF) fertilizers are often referred to as slow release fertilizers (SRF), while coated fertilizers that are insensitive to biological and chemical factors are often referred to as controls. Release fertilizer (CRF).
According to the European Standards Committee, if the nutrient release at 25~C can meet the following three conditions, the fertilizer can be called slow release fertilizer: (1) 24 hours release is not more than 15%: (2) 28 days release is not More than 75%; (3) At least 75% are released within the specified time.
The sustained release of the fertilizer is usually evaluated by the dissolution rate of the fertilizer in water. Slow-release fertilizers are usually produced in four main ways: 1) Synthesis of slow-dissolving organic nitrogen fertilizers such as urea formaldehyde (UF), isobutylidene deuterate (1BDU), etc.; 2) synthesis of slow-dissolving inorganic nitrogen fertilizers such as ammonium ammonium phosphate ( NH4MgP04), etc.; 3) coated (wrap) slow-release/controlled-release fertilizers, such as sulfur-coated urea, coated urea, Nutricote CAFS, Luxuriance; 4) production inhibitor-modified slow-release fertilizers, such as long Effect of ammonium bicarbonate (addition of DCD), long-acting urea (addition of HQ).
2. Characteristics of slow-release fertilizers 1 The solubility in water is small, the release of nutrients in the soil is slow, and the loss of nutrients is reduced;
2 fertilizer effect is long-term, stable, and the energy source continuously supplies the demand for nutrients throughout the growing season;
8 has a low salt index, a large amount of application will not "burn seedlings";
4 reduce the number and frequency of fertilization, saving costs;
5 Suitable for different types of soil and plants, effectively preventing soil compaction.
Second, the types of slow-release fertilizers Slow-release fertilizers mainly include two categories, one is a slow-release fertilizer made by chemical reaction, and the other is a controlled-release fertilizer made by wrapping.
1. Type of slow release fertilizer
Slow-release fertilizers are mainly slow-acting nitrogen fertilizers, also known as long-acting nitrogen fertilizers, and generally have low solubility in water. After being applied to the soil, under the influence of chemical and biological factors, the fertilizer gradually decomposes and the nitrogen is slowly released, which satisfies the nitrogen requirement of the whole growth period of the crop and reduces the leaching, volatilization and denitrification of nitrogen. The damage caused by the action will not cause damage to the crop due to the high concentration. At the same time, it can save labor because of the one-time application of the base fertilizer, and solve the difficulty of top dressing in the late planting situation.
The slow-acting nitrogen fertilizer is mainly a low-water-soluble polymer formed by the reaction of urea and aldehyde. After entering the soil, the polymer gradually decomposes and releases urea under the action of chemical or microbial. At present, there are mainly urea formaldehyde, urea iso-butan aldehyde, urea aldehyde, oxalic acid amide and the like.
2. Controlled-release fertilizers The controlled release fertilizers are based on granular fertilizers (nitrogen or nitrogen-phosphorus compound fertilizers), coated with a layer of low- or slightly soluble inorganic or organic polymers such as sulfur, asphalt, and resins. As a film-forming substance, polyethylene, paraffin, phosphate rock powder, etc., are gradually decomposed by the diffusion of the envelope or the coating to release nutrients. When the fertilizer granules come into contact with the moist soil, the fertilizer absorbs the water vapor, so the water-soluble nutrients begin to diffuse slowly and continuously through the micropores in the coating. The rate of release is only affected by soil temperature, which also affects the rate at which plants absorb nutrients. Therefore, the rate at which the fertilizer releases nutrients is consistent with the rate of nutrient demand of the plants at different growth stages. At present, there are mainly sulfur-coated urea, thermosetting resin coated fertilizer, thermoplastic resin coated fertilizer, polymer coated sulfur coated urea, fertilizer-coated fertilizer controlled release fertilizer.
Third, the status quo of China's slow release fertilizer research
Although the research and development of slow-release fertilizers in China started late, it has developed rapidly. By 2002, China had applied for 30 patents on slow/controlled release fertilizers. The research content involves the following aspects: First, the mechanism and effect of inhibitors inhibiting nitrogen release: second, ammonium bicarbonate long-acting research: third, urea modification technology research; fourth, controlled-release materials research.
The Institute of Soil Science of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, from the late 1960s to the early 1970s, successfully developed ammonium bicarbonate fertilizer and long-acting ammonium bicarbonate and long-acting urea coated with calcium magnesium phosphate, but did not form large-scale production.
The Shenyang Institute of Ecology of the Chinese Academy of Sciences has for the first time confirmed the synergistic effect of the urease inhibitor hydroquinone (HQ) and the nitrification inhibitor dicyandiamide (DCD) on the slow release of urea nitrogen, and applied it to the production of slow-release fertilizer. Developed and developed long-acting urea (Patent No.1), nitrogen fertilizer synergist (Patent No.x), potent ammonium bicarbonate (Patent No.7) and long-acting compound fertilizer (Patent No.8; 98113795.4) ), etc., realized theoretical and technological innovation, with high theoretical significance and promotion value.
The Shijiazhuang Institute of Agricultural Modernization of the Chinese Academy of Sciences has successfully developed the “coated urea†production technology. The key technology is the preparation and coating process of the coating liquid. The coating liquid is a colloidal substance synthesized by organic and inorganic substances, and the composition ratio of various substances is determined according to different agro-ecological conditions, and is prepared under specific process conditions. The coating process uses a new process of spraying in the production tower, and the heat of the urea itself is used to dry the coating once. The production process is simple, the raw materials are easy to obtain, the investment is small, and the market potential is large. Experts said that after urea coating treatment, it has the characteristics of significant sustained release, long-acting and high efficiency, and can improve the agglomeration traits, not easy to absorb moisture, and easy to apply. After extensive testing, nitrogen utilization increased by an average of 6 percentage points, crop yield increased by about 0%, and environmental pollution was greatly reduced.
The scientific and technical personnel of the Institute of Soil and Fertilizer, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences and the Institute of Atomic Energy and Hunan Agricultural University have developed chemical fertilizers, micro-emulsification and high-shear technology to produce nano-fertilizers with sustained release properties. The cement binder of the nano-fertilizer has a micelle diameter of 100 nm or less. The small size effect of the nano-materials can make the fertilizer particles have a magnetic effect, so that the fertilizer nutrients are more easily absorbed by the plants and effectively stimulate the growth of the plants.
After many years of painstaking research, experts from the Institute of Plant Nutrition and Resources of Beijing Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences have taken the lead in developing a new type of slow-release fertilizer that is leading domestically. Among them, zeolite-coated urea and its compound fertilizer have obtained national invention patents and national standards in 1996. The new product certificate won the municipal science and technology progress award and the city promotion first prize. Controlled and sustained release coated urea, passed the expert appraisal in 1997. At the same time, China's first spraying urea coating technology processing equipment was developed. By mediating the coating material, the slow release rate of the fertilizer in the soil can be controlled, no burning, no damage to the roots. In a variety of crops on the town - secondary fertilization, without top dressing, simplify the fertilization process, so that sowing and fertilization simultaneously, thereby greatly reducing the agricultural labor intensity and improving labor productivity.
Shandong Agricultural University has successfully developed a series of coated controlled release fertilizer products with controlled release time ranging from 70 to 400 days. The core technology is membrane materials and corresponding additives. The number and size of pores on the membrane can be set by adjusting the formula. Control the release of nutrients. The nutrient release of controlled release fertilizer is mainly limited by temperature, moisture and other conditions, and the release time and release peak period can be adjusted according to the needs of the crop.
The coated controlled release fertilizer developed by the College of Resources and Environment of China Agricultural University is an environmentally friendly fertilizer and a hot spot and focus in the development of new international fertilizers. After more than five years of research, the following research results have been obtained: (1) The composite membrane material with polymer material as the main body has been developed, which has the effects of controlled release, photothermal degradability and biodegradability. The processing equipment with the core bed coating tower as the core was established and improved, and the “POCF†coating process and corresponding technical regulations were established. (2) The online test method and corresponding evaluation criteria for the slow/controlled release fertilizer in China were developed, which provided a scientific basis for the quality control and product quality evaluation of this type of fertilizer. (3) On the basis of studying the commercial traits of coated fertilizer, soil agrochemical traits, agronomic traits, environmental benefits and economic benefits, a comprehensive evaluation system for slow/controlled release fertilizers was established to improve the health of slow/controlled release fertilizers in China. Development has important theoretical and practical significance. (4) According to the crop nutrition rules, design the corresponding controlled release parameters (initial dissolution rate, differential dissolution rate, release period), through the optimization of membrane material and coating process, develop lower cost vegetables, lawn, flowers, corn Special coated controlled release fertilizer. It has created a high-tech fertilizer product technology platform that combines soil and plant nutrition regulation theory with modern fertilizer engineering technology.
The Soil and Fertilizer Institute of the Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences has been conducting research on slow-release fertilizer since the 1990s, especially in recent years. The self-developed plant-based composite controlled-release coating material is applied to the new process of mixing and coating, and the first to develop cheap, high-efficiency and long-acting fertilizer products in China. The composite controlled release coating material contains natural phytochemicals and the like, and can slowly hydrolyze and release the fertilizer nutrients in the field, maintain the soil adsorption capacity to the nutrient segregant, and inhibit the leaching, volatilization and loss of nitrogen nutrients. In order to achieve the goal of maintaining a slow supply of fertilizer nitrogen nutrients for a long time. More important is the microbial agent for the capsule, which contains a variety of beneficial crops and soil strains, which can promote nutrient absorption, thereby reducing the amount of chemical fertilizer: it can degrade soil pollutants, remove heavy metal and pesticide hazards, and pay more and more attention to the resource environment around the world. Today's protection and quality of agricultural products show great superior performance.
The Soil and Fertilizer Institute of Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences has carried out extensive exploration and research and developed a successful release of Yefei. It firstly uses urea as the core fertilizer, inorganic salt as the main and sub-coating materials, and adopts the adhesive coating film forming process to develop a new type of coated controlled-release slow-release nitrogen fertilizer, which is then blended with quick-acting large-grain fertilizer. In turn, it becomes a slow-release BB fertilizer with a long-lasting effect. The sustained-release BB fertilizer has the following advantages: (1) the proportion of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium nutrients is flexibly formulated; (2) the fertilizer dosage is reduced, the utilization rate is improved; (3) the application is convenient and the labor saving is safe; (4) the section is increased in production and income.
Hunan Provincial Academy of Agricultural Sciences, soil and fertilizer, natural and semi-natural polymer materials for the main film, the development of new fertilizers, successfully solved the core technical problems of fertilizer controllable nutrient release within 30 to 330 days, developed a degradable membrane controlled release fertilizer and Special controlled release fertilizer for rice. At the same time, they have also developed a precise fertilization technology for controlled release fertilizer of rice, which replaces the traditional fertilization method with one-time full-scale fertilization, and can reduce the nitrogen fertilizer consumption by one-third per mu.
LUXECOTE, developed by the Lexi Phosphate and Compound Fertilizer Technology Research and Development Center of Zhengzhou University, is based on water-soluble nitrogen fertilizer such as urea, and is coated with inorganic plant nutrients (such as magnesium ammonium phosphate) with various solubility. All the ingredients of the whole packaged fertilizer are plant nutrients. After being applied to the soil, it will not cause any residue pollution and is environmentally friendly. The degree of sustained release can be varied by adjusting the composition and structure of the wrap layer.
Lexi Shi controlled release fertilizer has won the invention patents of China and the United States, and won the third prize of the national technology invention, which is a high-tech product recognized by the state. Since 1995, the products have been exported to the United States, Australia, Singapore and other countries. And in China, the United States has established a production line with a total production capacity of 100,000 tons / year. Lexisch controlled release fertilizer is the first low-cost controlled release compound fertilizer to fully reduce the cost of turf maintenance. The British magazine "FertilizerInternational" praised it as "China's first, future fertilizer."
The Soil and Fertilizer Research Institute of Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences vigorously promoted the application of balanced fertilization technology, and closely followed the latest developments in the development of fertilizers. In the 1970s, it began to study the release of primary fertilizers for controlled release fertilizers. According to the research results, cotton slow release fertilizer, grape slow release fertilizer, melon slow release fertilizer and other products have been introduced, which has been welcomed by the market and the attention of researchers at home and abroad. The completed project of "Coated Slow-release Turf Fertilizer Research" has made important progress. The project has carried out in-depth research on the aspects of wrapping materials, binders and production processes, and the sustained-release effect of the mineral-encapsulated turf fertilizer produced is obvious. It was warmly welcomed by the greening units such as Urumqi City Garden Bureau and Dushanzi Refinery, and the products were in short supply.
The humic acid-coated urea (UHA) developed by the Shanxi Institute of Coal Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, is a low-cost natural weathered coal humic acid that is activated and mixed with a small amount of binder and trace elements, which are then wrapped in urea granules and wrapped. It accounts for 15-25% of the total product. This not only exerts the chemical biological effects of humic acid itself to promote fertilizer efficiency, promote stress resistance, improve soil, inhibit soil urease and nitrifying bacteria, but also effectively control the release and decomposition rate of urea, and also provides necessary traces for crops. Nutritional element is a multifunctional ecological nitrogen fertilizer.
China's research and development of slow-release fertilizers are also Beijing University of Chemical Technology (polymer coated compound fertilizer), Tsinghua University (coated urea, (UHA), is the use of cheap natural weathered coal humic acid after activation, mixed with a small amount of sticky The knot and trace elements are wrapped on the urea granules, and the coating layer accounts for 15-25% of the total amount of the product. This not only promotes the humic acid itself, promotes fertilizer efficiency, promotes stress resistance, improves soil, inhibits soil urease and nitrification. The chemical and biological effects of bacterial activity, and effectively control the release and decomposition rate of urea, also provide the necessary micronutrients for crops, and is a multifunctional ecological nitrogen fertilizer.
China's research and development of slow-release fertilizers are also Beijing University of Chemical Technology (polymer coated compound fertilizer), Tsinghua University (coated urea, coated compound fertilizer), Institute of Chemical Metallurgy, Chinese Academy of Sciences (lignin slow release fertilizer) Beijing Garden Research Institute and Beijing Research Institute of Chemical Industry (phenolic resin coated compound fertilizer), South China Agricultural University (waste wrapped slow release fertilizer), Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences (ore powder coated slow release fertilizer), Zhejiang University (aggregation Coated urea), Northeastern University Magnetic Fertilizer Research Institute (coated multi-magnetic fertilizer for turf), Lanzhou Petrochemical Research Institute (high-intensity slow-release urea), Jilin Normal University (inhibitor-type slow release fertilizer), Hunan Province Institute of Geology of the Resource Department (sepimar long-acting fertilizer).
At present, the more mature slow-release fertilizer technologies include inhibitor-type slow-release fertilizer from the Shenyang Institute of Ecology of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, fertilizer-type slow-release fertilizer from Zhengzhou University, rice slow-release fertilizer from Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, and polymers from Beijing Academy of Agricultural Sciences. Coated fertilizer, polymer coated fertilizer from Shandong Agricultural University, and coated slow-release fertilizer from Shijiazhuang Agricultural Modernization Institute of Chinese Academy of Sciences. Among them, the first three products have been promoted and applied in a certain area, especially in field crops. The polymer coated fertilizers of Beijing Academy of Agricultural Sciences and Shandong Agricultural University also have pilot equipment and factories. The product quality is relatively stable and the sustained release period is relatively long. It can be used in horticultural crops. The product release period of Shijiazhuang Agricultural Modernization Institute is compared. Short, best used in field crops, and low cost, market competitive.
These research and development achievements have shown that the research on slow release fertilizer in China has made great progress. The developed slow release fertilizer has reached the quality standards and levels of similar foreign products. It is believed that the industrialization of slow release fertilizer in China will be as soon as possible. achieve. However, there is still a lot of work to be done to further reduce the production cost of slow-release fertilizers and expand the scope of application as soon as possible.
Fourth, the status of China's slow release fertilizer production
Although the production of slow-release fertilizers in China has been for many years, only the urease inhibitor-type slow-release fertilizers of the Institute of Ecological Research of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, the fertilizer-fertilizer slow-release fertilizers of the Zhengzhou University Institute of Technology, and the Guangdong Agricultural Science and Technology The slow-release rice fertilizer of the fertilizer plant and the slow-release BB fertilizer of Shanghai Hanfeng Slow-release Fertilizer Co., Ltd. Urine enzyme inhibitor-type slow-release fertilizer has been transferred to more than a dozen companies, and nearly 100 companies produce such slow-release fertilizers by purchasing slow-release raw materials. Most of these enterprises are in the northeast, and a small number are enterprises in North China and Northwest China. The fertilizers produced are mainly sold to the northeast, and a total of 500,000 tons have been promoted. Fertilizer-fertilized slow-release fertilizers have also been transferred to more than a dozen companies, one of which is an American company. At present, Henan Sanmenxia Compound Fertilizer Plant and Shandong Jinan Lexi Shi Fertilizer Co., Ltd. can produce and sell 30,000-50,000 tons per year. The Sanmenxia Compound Fertilizer Plant has exported 10,000 tons of slow-release fertilizer from Thailand since 2004. The rice slow-release fertilizer of Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences is mainly promoted by the government and can be promoted 5,000-10,000 tons per year. Here are a few slow-release fertilizer producers with large production scales in China:
Shanghai Hanfeng Slow Release Fertilizer Co., Ltd. is a large-scale slow-release fertilizer production enterprise jointly invested by Hanfeng Group and Nu-Gro Corporation of Canada. The company is located in Sunqiao National Agricultural Science and Technology Development Park, Pudong New Area, Shanghai. The first phase of the project has a total investment of 55 million yuan and was put into operation on April 29, 2004. The company introduces Nu-Gro's core production technology, with high degree of automation in production equipment and advanced research and development and testing methods. The annual designed production capacity is more than 20,000 tons, mainly producing agricultural slow release fertilizer, forestry slow release fertilizer and high grade slow release fertilizer.
Hanfeng slow-release fertilizer is imported into SCU, IBDU, etc. as a slow-release nitrogen raw material, and is added into high-grade slow-release fertilizer by adding inorganic fertilizer, amino acid organic fertilizer, OA active agent, medium and trace elements and other raw materials. The company also plans to build slow-release fertilizer production enterprises in Zhejiang, Jiangsu, Shandong, Hebei, Heilongjiang and other provinces and cities, and expand the production scale of slow-release fertilizers, with a view to driving the breakthrough development of the domestic slow-release fertilizer industry.
Shandong Jinan Lexi Shi Fertilizer Co., Ltd. is a comprehensive limited company integrating scientific research, product development, technology promotion and production. The “Inseparable†brand coated compound fertilizer produced by the company is based on granular soluble nitrogen fertilizer, with a variety of different solubility inorganic plant nutrients as the coating layer. Potassium fertilizer, micro-fertilizer and its chelating agent and plant can be added to the coating layer. Growth regulators, pesticides, herbicides, microorganisms, etc., are made using a proprietary process that uses fertilizer to wrap fertilizer. Among them, the environmentally-friendly controllable release fertilizer has obtained the US patent, which can greatly reduce soil pollution, reduce the number of fertilization, improve fertilizer efficiency, and increase production. It is praised by domestic and foreign experts as “a revolution in fertilization technology†and “21st centuryâ€. The direction of fertilizer development."
Shandong Laizhou Ai Dier Biotechnology Co., Ltd. is a high-tech enterprise specializing in the production of slow release fertilizer. The company has strong technical strength, high product technology content, complete variety types, slow release, long-term effect, improved crop quality, greatly improved fertilizer utilization, and reduced environmental pollution. It is widely used in flowers, lawns, vegetables, fruit trees and various crops. The company can produce a variety of special fertilizers according to user needs, with an annual output of 15,000 tons.
Dr. Agricultural Controlled Release Fertilizer produced by Shandong Jinan Agriculture Green Fertilizer Co., Ltd. is a long-lasting and continuous advanced compound fertilizer coated with organic resin. It is a good effect, no damage to roots, simple application, labor saving, environmental protection and high efficiency. fertilizer. The products are sold all over the world and are well received by the majority of agricultural products.
Henan Sanmenxia Compound Fertilizer Plant mainly produces new compound fertilizer jointly developed by Zhengzhou University with an annual output of 100,000 tons. The fertilizer is based on granular nitrogen fertilizer, and contains more than ten kinds of medium and trace elements such as ammonium phosphate, potassium fertilizer, calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer, sulfur, boron, zinc, iron and copper, and is coated with granulating sulfuric acid as binder. Made. Its characteristics are easy-to-lead, volatile plant nutrients, which are layered and wrapped by calcium, magnesium and phosphate fertilizers that are not easily leached and insoluble in water, forming an effective control of nutrient decomposition and dissolution rate, improving nutrient utilization and achieving sustained release. It can prolong fertilizer efficiency and pollution-free, and does not cause environmental pollution of soil, air and water pollution.
Lexi Shi controlled release fertilizer produced by Lexi Phosphate and Compound Fertilizer Technology Research and Promotion Center in Zhengzhou, Henan Province is a new controlled release fertilizer developed by Zhengzhou University Lexi Phosphate and Compound Fertilizer Technology Research and Promotion Center, with water-soluble nitrogen fertilizer such as urea as the core. The inorganic plant nutrients with different solubility are wrapped, so all the ingredients of the whole package fertilizer are plant nutrients, which will not cause any residue pollution after being applied to the soil and are environmentally friendly. Lexi's flexible formula can produce different nutrient ratio products according to different crop needs. It is widely used in golf stadiums, sports fields, municipal and landscape lawns, landscape plants, fruit trees and field crops. The product has uniform particle size, good particle strength and good fluidity, and can be mechanized and fertilized.
Henan Lifu Technology Co., Ltd. is mainly engaged in the production of series of fertilizers, compound fertilizers, micro-fertilizers, lawn fertilizers and flower fertilizers: and sales. The company relies on the Institute of Phosphate Fertilizer and Compound Fertilizer of Zhengzhou University to develop and produce a series of golf courses, green special fertilizers, granular sulfur fertilizer, ordinary lawn and flower special fertilizer.
Hunan Haina Xingye Chemical Co., Ltd. invested 14 million yuan in July 2002 to build a 100,000-ton production line of environmentally-friendly and high-efficiency green agricultural fertilizer Bingxi Marse controlled release special fertilizer. After the products are put into the market, due to the high technology content, the effect of increasing production and increasing income is obvious, which is favored by farmers and the demand for products is in short supply. In order to speed up the development of the enterprise and meet the needs of the users in the use of fertilizer, the company has raised more than 70 million yuan to build a second-phase project of simazine controlled release fertilizer. The annual output of 100,000 tons of tea, tobacco and other economic crops controlled release fertilizer and annual output 10 Two production lines of 10,000 tons of flowers and fruit-controlled fertilizers.
Jiangsu Tongzhou Special Fertilizer Plant produces 25,000 tons of humic acid-coated urea (UHA), which was successfully developed by Shanxi Coal Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Sciences. The UHA process is to activate a cheap natural weathered coal humic acid and then mix it with a small amount of binder and trace elements, and then wrap it on the urea granules. The wrap layer accounts for 15-25% of the total product. Due to the coating effect of humic acid and partial complexation reaction with urea, UHA not only exerts the chemical-biological effect of humic acid itself to promote fertilizer efficiency, promote stress resistance, improve soil, inhibit soil urease and nitrifying bacteria activity, and It effectively controls the release and decomposition rate of urea, and also provides the necessary micronutrients for crops. It is a multifunctional ecological nitrogen fertilizer.
China's production of slow-release fertilizers include China Petroleum & Chemical Corporation Baling Branch (super hybrid rice special slow release / controlled release compound fertilizer), Liaoning Huajin Group Jinxi Natural Gas Chemical Co., Ltd. (inhibitor type sustained release) Fei), Shanghai Dayang Ecological Organic Fertilizer Co., Ltd. (urea formaldehyde slow release fertilizer), Shenzhen Batian Compound Fertilizer Co., Ltd. (fertilizer type fertilizer slow release fertilizer), Guangzhou Yucheng Lingnan Compound Fertilizer Co., Ltd. (coated urea ), Hebei Zhangzhou Dahua Group Corporation (coated slow release urea), Shandong Province Ningjin County Fengyuan Special Fertilizer Plant (fertilizer type fertilizer slow release fertilizer), Shandong Dongping County Parcel Compound Fertilizer Co., Ltd. Released fertilizer), Dongtai Qikang Fertilizer Co., Ltd. (active long-acting coated fertilizer), Xinghua City Agricultural Music Fertilizer Co., Ltd. (fertilizer-type slow-release fertilizer), Lianyungang Hengfeng Phosphate Fertilizer Plant (fertilizer type) Slow release fertilizer), Shandong Taian Runfeng Agricultural Science and Technology Development Co., Ltd. (encapsulated controlled release fertilizer), Jiangxi Liangfeng Biochemical Industrial Co., Ltd. (inhibitor type slow release fertilizer), Zhangzhou Sanju Biotechnology Co., Ltd. (Biocontrol Release fertilizer), Jiangsu Zongheng Technology Industry Co., Ltd. (sustained release fertilizer), Beijing Aojia Fertilizer Co., Ltd. (slow release fertilizer), Liaoning East Asia Fertilizer Co., Ltd. (Fuyou long-acting compound fertilizer), Langfang Yinong Group (coated slow release fertilizer), Beijing Lianchuang Changqing Biochemical Technology Co., Ltd. (lignin slow release fertilizer), Beijing Sangsong Agricultural Ecology Technology Co., Ltd. (lignin slow release fertilizer), Guangzhou Liangtian Fertilizer Co., Ltd. (controlled release fertilizer), Hunan Liuyang Hualing Flower fertilizer plant (long-acting slow-release fertilizer), Beijing Gufeng Chemical Products Co., Ltd. (coated urea), Jinling Petrochemical Company compound fertilizer plant (high-efficiency controlled release fertilizer), Shaanxi Yangling Guangtai Fruit Tree High-tech Development Co., Ltd. Released fertilizer), Ningguo Zhonghua Sierte Fertilizer Co., Ltd. (multi-element coated slow release fertilizer), Chongqing Shichuan Taian Chemical Co., Ltd. (coated slow release fertilizer), Lanyuan Company (Green Qi brand lawn fertilizer).
In China, with the increasing use of chemical fertilizers, the problem of fertilizer modification is even more important in the pursuit of multiple targets for both agricultural products and quality and environmentally friendly. It is a simple and easy measure to develop slow release and controlled release fertilizers to improve fertilizer utilization and reduce environmental pollution. It is especially suitable for China's national conditions. The emergence of new controlled-release compound fertilizers can not only improve fertilizer utilization, ensure food security, reduce environmental pollution, and can meet the needs of crops in one application. Some new fertilizers also have functions such as insecticide and weeding. Reducing the labor intensity of farmers will certainly be welcomed by the majority of farmers.
Author: Xu Bo from: Taizhou City, Jiangsu Province
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