When engaging in urban sewage treatment projects, it is necessary to draw on the experience and technology of others according to the characteristics of urban sewage treatment projects, carefully select the process and consider the plan, that is, the overall process composition should be simple, the composition of the single facilities should be simplified, easy to maintain, and easy to operate. The energy consumption is as low as possible, the land occupation is as low as possible, and the operation effect is stable.
The characteristics of the backwash filter for treating industrial circulating water are: strong pertinence and many technological changes. The main technologies include oil separation, air flotation, coagulation, sedimentation, gravity filtration and membrane filtration, activated carbon adsorption, ozone oxidation, ion exchange, electrolysis, electrodialysis, reverse osmosis and other special technologies to separate and reduce oil, color, and Heavy metals, toxic and hazardous substances, biochemical techniques such as hydrolysis acidification, contact oxidation, surface aeration, pure oxygen aeration, anaerobic and aerobic activated sludge processes are often used in industrial wastewater treatment. Because industrial wastewater treatment facilities are generally small in scale, technically strong, and flexible in process combination, the structure is usually made of steel. Even if internal pipelines are interspersed more, operation and maintenance are not too difficult. Industrial wastewater treatment is technically similar to urban sewage treatment, but simply applying the design ideas of industrial wastewater treatment facilities to urban sewage treatment projects will bring many unexpected problems. The urban sewage treatment plant is characterized by large scale, large area, large size of facilities and many units. The treatment facilities are usually reinforced concrete structures. Therefore, the overall process composition is required to be simple, and the composition of the single facilities should be simplified to minimize the pipeline. Interspersed with complex structures to reduce the total maintenance management of plant-wide facilities. Because the scale of urban sewage treatment facilities is large and the investment is large, its structure is sturdy and simple, its service life is long, the scale efficiency is good, the unit processing cost is low, the operation effect is relatively stable, and its role in environmental management is prominent. Therefore, once it is determined When engaging in urban sewage treatment projects, it is necessary to draw on the experience and technology of others according to the characteristics of urban sewage treatment projects, carefully select the process and consider the plan, that is, the overall process composition should be simple, the composition of the single facilities should be simplified, easy to maintain, and easy to operate. The energy consumption is as low as possible, the land occupation is as low as possible, and the operation effect is stable.
I. Development History of Water Pollution Control With the development of society and the enhancement of people's environmental awareness, China's water pollution control has undergone pollution control from a single source of pollution, discharge of pollutants up to standard pollution prevention, and pollution based on environmental capacity. Two stages of total emissions control. In the past few decades, the actual results have not been satisfactory because China's pollution prevention and control work has been unable to get rid of the point source governance, the discharge of standards, and the policy of who is polluting and who governs. According to the survey conducted by the State Environmental Protection Administration on 5,556 sets of industrial wastewater treatment facilities in China, the three efficiencies (the operating rate of pollution control facilities, equipment utilization rate, and pollutant removal rate) account for only 35.7% of the total operating facilities. The removal rate of materials reached only 50% of the design capacity, and the total effective investment accounted for only 31.3% of the total investment in the total processing facilities. Only less than one-third of the equipment played a role. It can be seen that there are many problems in the planning, design and ideological principles of the original sewage treatment system, which no longer meet the requirements of China's current economic development and environmental protection.
Second, water treatment and reuse It has been put into practical use in the advanced treatment of sewage, ultra-deep treatment, sewage reuse and reuse, urban master planning and water supply and drainage system planning should be reconsidered, the regeneration and reuse of sewage will be put The important position is coming up. The positioning of the drainage system in the 21st century should be gradually shifted from the previous flood prevention and mitigation, pollution prevention and mitigation to the recycling of sewage, thereby restoring healthy water circulation and good water environment, and maintaining the sustainable use of water resources.
2.1 The scale and number of sewage treatment plants and the design of the sewage treatment plant should be studied in the near and long-term scale to determine the project stage. The long-term scale is used as the basis for the site selection of sewage treatment plants. The site selection conditions should meet the needs of long-term treatment land to facilitate the expansion of the project. For small and medium-sized city sewage treatment plants, the recent construction scale should not be too large. According to the traditional planning method, the site of the sewage treatment plant is generally placed as close as possible to the downstream of the river system and the suburbs of the city. However, this system layout makes the sewage plant far away from the users of the reclaimed water, and the cost of the reused water pipe network to be laid is correspondingly increased, which is not conducive to Recycling of sewage. Therefore, when determining the site of the sewage treatment plant, the users of the reclaimed water should also be investigated and analyzed (natural water surface, small river, green land and industrial reclaimed water users in the city), and the sewage purification plant should be set up at the appropriate position in the city according to the demand for water reuse. (Recycled water plant), collect urban sewage in the nearby area, and treat it according to the requirements of recycling water quality. Therefore, the number of urban sewage plants should not be constrained by traditional experience, but should be based on the actual needs of urban water reuse to build a suitable scale of sewage treatment plants in appropriate locations, so that the entire city forms large, medium, small, near, long-term Combined with the layout of the sewage treatment plant. In this way, it is not only conducive to the reuse of sewage, but also reduces the burden of the urban drainage pipe network system, and is easy to achieve phased construction, in line with China's current national conditions.
2.2 There are many methods for treating process wastewater treatment, which are divided into different process according to different classification standards. Therefore, according to the requirements of sewage water quality and return water quality, the water treatment unit should be combined in various ways to select an economically viable sewage treatment process through technical and economic comparison. The design of the influent water quality of the sewage treatment plant should select several representative sewage outlets in the urban area, regularly measure the water quality and quantity of the sewage, and use the weighted average to determine the current water quality concentration. Based on this, combined with other monitoring data and considering certain There is room for determining the influent water quality of the design. Due to the differences in industrial structure between different cities, it is forbidden to use simple analogies. This requires an investigation of the demand for wastewater reclaimed water in the vicinity of the plant during the process of determining the process, so that the treatment process can be appropriately extended and improved to meet the requirements for wastewater reuse. With the pressure of environment and regulations, urban sewage treatment plants generally adopt secondary biological treatment processes. In biological methods, there are two major types of activated sludge process and biofilm process. Activated sludge process is highly efficient in urban areas. Sewage treatment plants are widely used. In addition, under the condition that the drainage pipe network is combined, the sewage flow into the sewage treatment plant is 2-4 times that of the sunny day. When the rainwater impact load occurs, a large amount of activated sludge is transferred from the aeration tank to the secondary settling tank. And caused the loss of sludge. The improved Orbal oxidation ditch process and SBRI technology solve the above problems and effectively degrade organic matter.
2.3 Wastewater reuse China is one of the 12 water-poor countries in the world. The per capita water resources are only 2,400 m3, especially the per capita water resources in the northern region is only 200-400 m3. The shortage of water resources limits industrial and agricultural production to a certain extent. With the development of the city, many cities have to open up water sources dozens of kilometers away. The investment is above 1000 yuan/m3, and the water production cost is as high as 1.0 yuan/m3. In contrast, the secondary treatment of tailwater in urban sewage treatment plants is a stable water resource. After treatment, it can be used as industrial cooling and washing water, municipal miscellaneous water and landscape water for urban rivers and lakes. Its investment is about 200. -300 yuan / m3, the cost of water production is about 0.30 yuan /. The engineering practice of wastewater reuse in Tianjin, Dalian, Taiyuan, Qingdao, Tai'an and other places in China fully proves the economical efficiency of urban sewage reuse. Most of the urban industrial water consumption accounts for about 50%-70% of the total water consumption, of which the water consumption such as cooling and washing is large but the water quality requirements are not high. In the design of urban sewage treatment plants, the possibility of reuse of wastewater should be studied, the object of reuse and water quality requirements should be investigated, and the selection of sewage treatment process should be carried out in combination with the requirements of water quality of recycled water. When the general layout of the plant area is to be carried out, sewage reuse should be considered. Processing land. It should also be noted in the planning that the large amount of sludge generated by urban sewage treatment plants should be properly disposed of and disposed of to avoid secondary pollution and endanger the urban environment. At present, more sludge is landfilled, which requires not only a large amount of land but also a large amount of sludge resources. Therefore, the final outlet for sludge disposal should be as agricultural fertilizer, making full use of nutrients such as N, P, K, etc., which are rich in sludge, which can avoid pollution and create economic benefits.
At present, China's investment in the construction of sewage plants is relatively limited. It is necessary to realize a process of understanding the realization of sewage resources in the country. However, it must be noted that this will be an effective way to solve China's water problems.
Http://news.chinawj.com.cn
Editor: (Hardware Business Network Information Center) http://news.chinawj.com.cn
The characteristics of the backwash filter for treating industrial circulating water are: strong pertinence and many technological changes. The main technologies include oil separation, air flotation, coagulation, sedimentation, gravity filtration and membrane filtration, activated carbon adsorption, ozone oxidation, ion exchange, electrolysis, electrodialysis, reverse osmosis and other special technologies to separate and reduce oil, color, and Heavy metals, toxic and hazardous substances, biochemical techniques such as hydrolysis acidification, contact oxidation, surface aeration, pure oxygen aeration, anaerobic and aerobic activated sludge processes are often used in industrial wastewater treatment. Because industrial wastewater treatment facilities are generally small in scale, technically strong, and flexible in process combination, the structure is usually made of steel. Even if internal pipelines are interspersed more, operation and maintenance are not too difficult. Industrial wastewater treatment is technically similar to urban sewage treatment, but simply applying the design ideas of industrial wastewater treatment facilities to urban sewage treatment projects will bring many unexpected problems. The urban sewage treatment plant is characterized by large scale, large area, large size of facilities and many units. The treatment facilities are usually reinforced concrete structures. Therefore, the overall process composition is required to be simple, and the composition of the single facilities should be simplified to minimize the pipeline. Interspersed with complex structures to reduce the total maintenance management of plant-wide facilities. Because the scale of urban sewage treatment facilities is large and the investment is large, its structure is sturdy and simple, its service life is long, the scale efficiency is good, the unit processing cost is low, the operation effect is relatively stable, and its role in environmental management is prominent. Therefore, once it is determined When engaging in urban sewage treatment projects, it is necessary to draw on the experience and technology of others according to the characteristics of urban sewage treatment projects, carefully select the process and consider the plan, that is, the overall process composition should be simple, the composition of the single facilities should be simplified, easy to maintain, and easy to operate. The energy consumption is as low as possible, the land occupation is as low as possible, and the operation effect is stable.
I. Development History of Water Pollution Control With the development of society and the enhancement of people's environmental awareness, China's water pollution control has undergone pollution control from a single source of pollution, discharge of pollutants up to standard pollution prevention, and pollution based on environmental capacity. Two stages of total emissions control. In the past few decades, the actual results have not been satisfactory because China's pollution prevention and control work has been unable to get rid of the point source governance, the discharge of standards, and the policy of who is polluting and who governs. According to the survey conducted by the State Environmental Protection Administration on 5,556 sets of industrial wastewater treatment facilities in China, the three efficiencies (the operating rate of pollution control facilities, equipment utilization rate, and pollutant removal rate) account for only 35.7% of the total operating facilities. The removal rate of materials reached only 50% of the design capacity, and the total effective investment accounted for only 31.3% of the total investment in the total processing facilities. Only less than one-third of the equipment played a role. It can be seen that there are many problems in the planning, design and ideological principles of the original sewage treatment system, which no longer meet the requirements of China's current economic development and environmental protection.
Second, water treatment and reuse It has been put into practical use in the advanced treatment of sewage, ultra-deep treatment, sewage reuse and reuse, urban master planning and water supply and drainage system planning should be reconsidered, the regeneration and reuse of sewage will be put The important position is coming up. The positioning of the drainage system in the 21st century should be gradually shifted from the previous flood prevention and mitigation, pollution prevention and mitigation to the recycling of sewage, thereby restoring healthy water circulation and good water environment, and maintaining the sustainable use of water resources.
2.1 The scale and number of sewage treatment plants and the design of the sewage treatment plant should be studied in the near and long-term scale to determine the project stage. The long-term scale is used as the basis for the site selection of sewage treatment plants. The site selection conditions should meet the needs of long-term treatment land to facilitate the expansion of the project. For small and medium-sized city sewage treatment plants, the recent construction scale should not be too large. According to the traditional planning method, the site of the sewage treatment plant is generally placed as close as possible to the downstream of the river system and the suburbs of the city. However, this system layout makes the sewage plant far away from the users of the reclaimed water, and the cost of the reused water pipe network to be laid is correspondingly increased, which is not conducive to Recycling of sewage. Therefore, when determining the site of the sewage treatment plant, the users of the reclaimed water should also be investigated and analyzed (natural water surface, small river, green land and industrial reclaimed water users in the city), and the sewage purification plant should be set up at the appropriate position in the city according to the demand for water reuse. (Recycled water plant), collect urban sewage in the nearby area, and treat it according to the requirements of recycling water quality. Therefore, the number of urban sewage plants should not be constrained by traditional experience, but should be based on the actual needs of urban water reuse to build a suitable scale of sewage treatment plants in appropriate locations, so that the entire city forms large, medium, small, near, long-term Combined with the layout of the sewage treatment plant. In this way, it is not only conducive to the reuse of sewage, but also reduces the burden of the urban drainage pipe network system, and is easy to achieve phased construction, in line with China's current national conditions.
2.2 There are many methods for treating process wastewater treatment, which are divided into different process according to different classification standards. Therefore, according to the requirements of sewage water quality and return water quality, the water treatment unit should be combined in various ways to select an economically viable sewage treatment process through technical and economic comparison. The design of the influent water quality of the sewage treatment plant should select several representative sewage outlets in the urban area, regularly measure the water quality and quantity of the sewage, and use the weighted average to determine the current water quality concentration. Based on this, combined with other monitoring data and considering certain There is room for determining the influent water quality of the design. Due to the differences in industrial structure between different cities, it is forbidden to use simple analogies. This requires an investigation of the demand for wastewater reclaimed water in the vicinity of the plant during the process of determining the process, so that the treatment process can be appropriately extended and improved to meet the requirements for wastewater reuse. With the pressure of environment and regulations, urban sewage treatment plants generally adopt secondary biological treatment processes. In biological methods, there are two major types of activated sludge process and biofilm process. Activated sludge process is highly efficient in urban areas. Sewage treatment plants are widely used. In addition, under the condition that the drainage pipe network is combined, the sewage flow into the sewage treatment plant is 2-4 times that of the sunny day. When the rainwater impact load occurs, a large amount of activated sludge is transferred from the aeration tank to the secondary settling tank. And caused the loss of sludge. The improved Orbal oxidation ditch process and SBRI technology solve the above problems and effectively degrade organic matter.
2.3 Wastewater reuse China is one of the 12 water-poor countries in the world. The per capita water resources are only 2,400 m3, especially the per capita water resources in the northern region is only 200-400 m3. The shortage of water resources limits industrial and agricultural production to a certain extent. With the development of the city, many cities have to open up water sources dozens of kilometers away. The investment is above 1000 yuan/m3, and the water production cost is as high as 1.0 yuan/m3. In contrast, the secondary treatment of tailwater in urban sewage treatment plants is a stable water resource. After treatment, it can be used as industrial cooling and washing water, municipal miscellaneous water and landscape water for urban rivers and lakes. Its investment is about 200. -300 yuan / m3, the cost of water production is about 0.30 yuan /. The engineering practice of wastewater reuse in Tianjin, Dalian, Taiyuan, Qingdao, Tai'an and other places in China fully proves the economical efficiency of urban sewage reuse. Most of the urban industrial water consumption accounts for about 50%-70% of the total water consumption, of which the water consumption such as cooling and washing is large but the water quality requirements are not high. In the design of urban sewage treatment plants, the possibility of reuse of wastewater should be studied, the object of reuse and water quality requirements should be investigated, and the selection of sewage treatment process should be carried out in combination with the requirements of water quality of recycled water. When the general layout of the plant area is to be carried out, sewage reuse should be considered. Processing land. It should also be noted in the planning that the large amount of sludge generated by urban sewage treatment plants should be properly disposed of and disposed of to avoid secondary pollution and endanger the urban environment. At present, more sludge is landfilled, which requires not only a large amount of land but also a large amount of sludge resources. Therefore, the final outlet for sludge disposal should be as agricultural fertilizer, making full use of nutrients such as N, P, K, etc., which are rich in sludge, which can avoid pollution and create economic benefits.
At present, China's investment in the construction of sewage plants is relatively limited. It is necessary to realize a process of understanding the realization of sewage resources in the country. However, it must be noted that this will be an effective way to solve China's water problems.
Http://news.chinawj.com.cn
Editor: (Hardware Business Network Information Center) http://news.chinawj.com.cn
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