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Bearing heat treatment skills and equipment (4)
Source: China Bearing Network Time: 2014-10-17
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(1) The automatic production line has few types and large batches of bearings are suitable for automatic production; for example, the production of railway bearings is mostly produced by automatic production line. The automatic production line is mainly composed of a constant atmosphere heating furnace and an austempering tank; during the austempering, some equipment is used. The measures for transporting workpieces can be divided into three categories: rotary bottom, push-pull and conveyor belt. The rotary-bottom and push-plate isothermal quenching equipment developed by Ai Xia Lin Company puts the bottom or push disc tissue In the isothermal salt bath; the workpiece enters and exits according to the certain beat; recalls the order of control; the action is controlled by the PLC program. The equipment is highly automated; but the capital is large.
(2) Periodic austempering equipment rolling mill bearings due to various types, batches, ⌒驮岢 ⌒驮岢 Ъ Ъ å—–æŽ å—–æŽ å—–æŽ å—–æŽ + + + + æ·¬ æ·¬ æ·¬ æ·¬ æ·¬ æ·¬ æ·¬ æ·¬ æ·¬ æ·¬ æ·¬ æ·¬ æ·¬ æ·¬ æ·¬ æ·¬ æ·¬ ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; Slot. This equipment has less capital; it has strong applicability; but it has high labor intensity; poor safety. Currently; when bainite austempering is vigorously promoted; bainite austempering instead of carburizing steel is used in less loaded rolling mill bearings The above has been successfully applied in China.
4. The atmosphere and control are followed by the improvement of the surface quality requirements after quenching the workpiece; the (controllable) atmosphere heating is more and more popular; the heat treatment including annealing is controlled by a guaranteed (or controllable) atmosphere. 1970s; The endothermic atmosphere is selected. The endothermic atmosphere is a mixture of the material gas and the air. Under the effect of the catalyst, some reactions are made to contain (CO) 18% to 23%, ? (H2) 37% to 42%, and The atmosphere of N2 is guaranteed; this kind of atmosphere is also used in the field of bearing heat treatment in China. The nitrogen-based propane atmosphere is the most widely used in the heat treatment quenching line of China's bearing category; the composition of nitrogen-nitrogen atmosphere and the endothermic atmosphere; - Nitrogen-based atmosphere represented by methanol is used more in mesh belt furnaces. In the 1990s, gas production methods in which air and hydrocarbons are directly introduced into the furnace above 800 °C are presented; that is, the direct atmosphere is studied. Found; this atmosphere rich in high CH4 composition; although its gas response does not reach a balance similar to the endothermic atmosphere; but its carbon transport can still be controlled by the content of CO and H2 in the atmosphere; Probes contact CO2 analyzer for carbon potential control The main advantage of the straight-through atmosphere that can be achieved is that it saves a lot of material gas consumption; according to statistics, this atmosphere is still used in a continuous atmosphere furnace in the periodic atmosphere furnace; its material gas consumption can save up to 70%. About %. Today, there are more than 300 sets of atmosphere furnaces in the world to use this atmosphere for various heat treatments such as carburizing, carbonitriding and atmosphere quenching. The direct atmosphere is used in the field of carburizing in China.
In recent years, the practical application has indicated that the service life of the oxygen probe is not well determined; the difference between the carbon potential measured by the oxygen probe and the practical value is also unpredictable. Therefore, the controllable atmosphere is sometimes not controlled due to the failure of the oxygen probe. The formation of decarburization and oxidation defects. China's current stage is often used to verify its measurement accuracy; not conducive to the complete automation of the furnace; sometimes even affect normal production.
In view of the above reasons; a two-layer measurement system has been developed abroad; one with a standard oxygen probe for normal control of the carbon potential; and another independent measurement system for detecting the operation of the oxygen probe; that is, the two systems are separated from the measurement atmosphere. The carbon potential; when the results show a large error; will alarm. The second measurement system operating component can be a CO2 infrared analyzer; can also be a miniature oxygen probe (λ probe). So far; there are many atmosphere furnaces Installed this two-layer measurement system.
Looking at the whole; domestic bearing heat treatment skills and equipment are still far from the developed countries; especially in the annealing equipment, the spacing is greater. The bearing heat treatment skills and equipment are also more spaced than other occupations; the quality of the bearing is related to China's manufacturing industry. revival.
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