The benefits of automotive titanium are self-evident, which can greatly reduce the quality, reduce fuel consumption, improve work efficiency, improve the environment and reduce noise. The key is how to reduce the cost of titanium and its alloy parts to an acceptable level. Level. According to research, if the traditional production technology is used, the cost of rolling titanium products is 4.4 USD/kg. According to the general experience, each processing step has to double the cost, so the material cost is at least 17.6 USD/kg. . After the rolled product is made into the final machined part, the cost is as high as 44 USD/kg. Obviously, it is impossible to replace the commonly used corresponding steel parts with such titanium materials. However, the use of powder metallurgy titanium is quite different. If the price of the sponge titanium powder or residue currently available is 4.4~8.8USD/kg, the cost of the net shape or near net shape pressed billet will be lower than 4.4USD/kg; after the minimum number of cutting, The cost of parts such as connecting rods is 8.8~11USD/kg. Powder metallurgy can not only use low-cost raw materials, but also reduce the cost of machining. In particular, the net shape or near-net shape method is an effective way to produce large-sized and low-priced automotive parts. It can be seen that powder metallurgy titanium has a strong competitiveness.
Titanium, which has a series of superior properties such as high strength to mass ratio, high strength at high temperature, corrosion resistance and thermal stability, has attracted much attention. However, the traditional uses of titanium and titanium alloys are mainly concentrated in the aerospace and marine industries. The constraints of civil titanium are mainly in product cost. Titanium powder metallurgy is a titanium part production method completely different from other technologies. Powder metallurgy produces parts using powder instead of sponge titanium. Powder metallurgy can limit waste associated with traditional titanium production without vacuum arc Remelting, electron beam melting or plasma arc melting; powder can be directly formed into any shape or rolled product, reducing the raw materials needed to make a part, and producing higher. This process can also produce near-net-shaped parts, reducing the waste associated with the production of traditional parts, with fewer process steps and increased output. However, powder metallurgy also has some problems to be improved, the most important of which is the pollution control problem, and any pollution will make the metal unsuitable for high-precision parts. The high structural standards in the aerospace industry make powder metallurgy titanium alloys difficult to face in the aviation market, but it can be applied to civilian applications where structural requirements are less stringent. Among them, the industry most likely to be applied on a large scale is the automotive industry. The automobile market is very large. Once the application of titanium in the automotive industry is promoted, the amount of titanium used will far exceed the current aviation and aerospace market.
Application prospects of civil titanium
At present, powder metallurgy titanium alloy has been applied to new high-performance vehicles, mainly used in engine systems and chassis. For example, in the engine system, titanium alloy is used instead of alloy steel and stainless steel to make valves, valve springs and connecting rods. Mainly used as a spring, exhaust system, half shaft and various fasteners on the chassis. Toyota Motor Corporation of Japan has developed a powder metallurgy forging method that can effectively reduce costs. Using this method to manufacture a titanium valve for an automobile engine can reduce weight by 40%. The intake valve is made by powder metallurgy forging process with Ti-6Al-4V alloy. The exhaust valve is made of composite material. The composite material is processed by a new alloy powder with boride as reinforcing agent, among which TiB The volume fraction of the reinforced powder is about 5%; the matrix composition is Ti-6Al-4Sn-4Zn-1Mo-0.2Si-0.3O, and the composite has excellent creep resistance.
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