1. Basic principles for the selection of production strains
1.1, safety
1 The bacteria itself does not produce toxic and harmful substances;
2 Will not harm the ecological balance inherent in the environment.
1.2, effectiveness
1 The bacteria itself has good growth and metabolism, can effectively degrade macromolecules and anti-nutritional factors, and synthesize small peptides and organic acids and other small molecules;
2 It can protect and strengthen the balance of microflora in animals and promote animal health. This effect mainly refers to the number of advantages that can effectively improve and maintain beneficial microorganisms in the digestive tract of animals. It can achieve the goal in two ways: the strain used in the fermented feed itself is a beneficial bacteria isolated from the digestive tract of the target animal. By feeding a high proportion of fermented feed, the number of beneficial microorganisms in the digestive tract of the animal can be directly increased, and the beneficial microorganisms can be formed into an advantage. . Another way is to produce strains or metabolites that can selectively kill or inhibit harmful microorganisms, resulting in a beneficial bacterial population advantage. There are many ways to achieve this approach. The more common ones are: depletion of oxygen, lowering the system's redox potential; lowering the environmental pH; metabolites contain antibacterial substances that selectively kill harmful microorganisms such as E. coli and Salmonella. .
2, fermented feed production technology
In addition to producing strains, the production process is also the key to determining the success or failure of fermentation technology. So far, domestic and foreign content about fermented feed production technology or production process mainly includes the following:
2.1, Qing
Favorable factors: traditional craftsmanship, long history and mature technology.
Limiting factors: strong seasonality, raw materials must be fresh; can only be used locally, basically can not be transported from a long distance; must be used up in a short time after opening; currently only used in the field of ruminants.
The history of Qingshui feed research is very long. There is a special discussion. The author will not repeat it here. Interested readers can refer to the “Qing Li feed standardized production technology†edited by Cao Lijun and Han Peng, and put forward a good technical method for production. Have a good reference value.
2.2. Using organic wastewater to produce single-cell protein or protein raw material
This technology is mainly used for the purification of organic wastewater. Organic wastewater is mainly derived from wastewater from paper, alcohol, amino acid and organic acid industries.
In the 1960s, Candida tropicalis, which grew fast, used liquid continuous culture to treat papermaking wastewater, but the yeast produced had a bitter taste and was difficult to apply in feed. In the late 1980s, the research team led by Mr. Ren Shiyi, an academician of the Chinese Academy of Engineering, used C. tropicalis to continuously culture and treat alcohol wastewater. The yeast produced had good palatability, but due to the low content of organic matter in the wastewater, the dry matter in the culture solution was obtained. The rate does not exceed 1.0% and there is basically no commercial value.
Developed countries such as Western Europe and North America, especially Japan, the Netherlands and Finland, have invested heavily in research and production and disposal of organic wastewater. It can be said that in the production of some fermented products, the wastewater treatment equipment is invested even more than the investment of the fermentation equipment. At present, in the Netherlands and Finland, they do not produce large-scale fermentation products such as alcohol, amino acids and organic acids. They are not underdeveloped in their production technology, but they are not willing to pollute their precious water sources. The fermentation yield of glutamic acid, lysine, citric acid and alcohol in China is the highest in the world. It is not our fermentation level and extraction technology that is in the leading position in the world, but we sacrificed the ecology (mainly water source). The result of the temporary benefits obtained by cleansing. Even with the current enzyme preparation products, China's production is leading in the world, but the main technology is introduced from developed countries such as Denmark, the United States and Japan, and even some production companies are purely wholly-owned.
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