In the past few decades, where is the center of the world's energy map? middle East? That's right. However, this situation is changing. A new energy axis has quietly emerged in the Western Hemisphere and may change the global energy distribution landscape for decades to come.
“From Alberta, Canada, to the south through the United States, North Dakota and southern Texas, and then through a newly discovered large oil field on the French Guiana coast, and finally to the offshore oilfield near Brazil.†Washington Post, USA An article entitled "The new world order of petroleum" recently published describes this new energy axis.
Thanks to advances in technology, Canada’s “oil sandsâ€, Brazil’s “salt under oil†and US “tight sandstone oils†are now being developed on an unprecedented scale. The “Washington Post†predicts that at current speeds, by 2020, the demand for oil in the Middle East by the Western Hemisphere countries will fall to the current half.
The rise of this new energy axis is of great significance because it will determine the energy and economic policies of the Western Hemisphere countries, including the United States, and it may profoundly affect geopolitics and the global economy.
Redrawing Energy The future of “oil sands,†“salt under oils,†and “tight sandstone oils†are not just recently discovered energy sources, but they have not been widely adopted by countries because they have been difficult to extract and extract in the past. Today, new technologies have changed this.
The most eye-catching new energy axis is Canada. In only ten years, this marginal oil sands has become Canada's main resource. According to the data of BP World Energy Statistics 2011, 70% of the world's remaining oil reserves are in the hands of OPEC, and half of the other oil resources are hidden in Canadian oil sands.
At present, Canada's oil sands produce up to 1.5 million barrels per day. Canada is also the only country in the world that has achieved large-scale exploitation of oil sands. In another decade, Canada’s oil sands production capacity could double to 3 million barrels per day. This increase in production, along with other oil production, will make Canada’s total oil production surpass Iran’s – the world’s fifth largest oil producer after Russia, Saudi Arabia, the United States, and China.
Located at the other end of the new energy axis is Brazil. The “Global Energy Outlook†report released recently by Barclays Bank, a well-known British investment agency, pointed out that in the next decade, the Latin American oil and gas market will be mainly promoted by Brazil and Colombia, of which Brazil is even more so.
In the 1970s, the Brazilians originally thought that their country lacked oil resources, so they vigorously developed the technology of extracting ethanol from sucrose to meet their energy needs. However, after 2000, Brazil discovered an astonishing amount of oil resources on its southern coast. Originally these resources have been buried under a salt strip of one mile (1.6 kilometers) thick for many years. With the advancement of technology, Brazil is now beginning to exploit these “salt oils†on a large scale. According to reports by Brazilian media, by 2020, Brazil’s share of salt production will account for Brazil’s total energy output from the current 2% to 40.5%, and its output will be nearly 2 million barrels per day. Pedro Cordeiro, an energy consultant with Bain & Company in the United States, even asserted: “By 2020, Brazil will become a big oil country with output equal to that of Iran.â€
The third location on the new energy axis is the United States. A large number of shale gas technologies are being used throughout the United States to extract oil from dense rocks.
The first successful excavation was in North Dakota. Eight years ago, a rock formation named “Bakken†located a few miles below the ground could produce only a few 10,000 barrels of oil per day. Today, it has already produced nearly 500,000 barrels of oil per day. North Dakota also became the fourth largest state in US oil production, and the unemployment rate fell to the lowest in the United States.
The production of tight sandstone oil has grown rapidly. In 2000, the total output of the United States was only 200,000 barrels per day. However, according to conservative estimates, around 2020, this output may reach 3 million barrels a day—equal to one-third of the total US-made crude oil.
The prospects are not smooth. The Washington Post believes that this new energy axis may lead to a fundamental change in the global oil supply and demand situation. Western Hemisphere countries will still need to obtain oil from other parts of the world, but certainly far less than just a few years. The forecasted increase in demand is expected to be halved by 2020.
However, the future of energy in the Western Hemisphere is not easy. Technological breakthroughs and scientific advances have enabled these resources to be used by people, but at the same time they have also brought with them natural environmental pollution.
Oil sands are viscous, bituminous mixtures that cannot be flowed or pumped, either by extraction and processing, or by heating and dilution to produce useful synthetic petroleum products. Each barrel of crude oil for crude oil needs 5 barrels of water, and it also needs to burn a lot of fossil fuels. Some environmentalists in Canada strongly call for an end to the exploitation of oil sands. They called oil sands "dirty oil," saying that the carbon dioxide emitted from the production and extraction of oil sands to the formation of automobile exhaust gas is on average 5% to 15% higher than the direct extraction and use of crude oil. In addition, the Alberta Province of Canada, rich in oil sands, is a gathering place for Indians. The development of resources involves the interests of local aboriginal people. It is also difficult to negotiate mediation.
Opposition to the use of shale gas technology is also increasing. Tight fracturing is used for the development of tight sandstone oil, but millions of tons of water are required for each hydraulic fracturing. In addition, the infiltration of chemicals added to the water into the ground may contaminate the groundwater. In 2010, at the Sundance Film Festival, a documentary titled “Shale Gas†was published, telling about the fact that the water near the gas wells could ignite and residents living nearby complained about the contamination of the waterways. The film has also won an Oscar nomination. However, the MIT survey found that "Shale Gas" exaggerated the risk of shale gas extraction. Burning water is a real phenomenon in some places, but it is very rare. The main reason is that methane enters a source of reference, and this phenomenon occurs whether or not shale gas is developed nearby. Taking into account the opposition from the people, the US Environmental Protection Agency has decided to start investigating other "potential adverse effects" of the hydraulic fracturing technology on drinking water, and it is expected that the results will be announced at the end of 2012.
The extent to which the new energy axis of the rise of the Western Hemisphere will develop will eventually change the global energy landscape. We will wait and see.
“From Alberta, Canada, to the south through the United States, North Dakota and southern Texas, and then through a newly discovered large oil field on the French Guiana coast, and finally to the offshore oilfield near Brazil.†Washington Post, USA An article entitled "The new world order of petroleum" recently published describes this new energy axis.
Thanks to advances in technology, Canada’s “oil sandsâ€, Brazil’s “salt under oil†and US “tight sandstone oils†are now being developed on an unprecedented scale. The “Washington Post†predicts that at current speeds, by 2020, the demand for oil in the Middle East by the Western Hemisphere countries will fall to the current half.
The rise of this new energy axis is of great significance because it will determine the energy and economic policies of the Western Hemisphere countries, including the United States, and it may profoundly affect geopolitics and the global economy.
Redrawing Energy The future of “oil sands,†“salt under oils,†and “tight sandstone oils†are not just recently discovered energy sources, but they have not been widely adopted by countries because they have been difficult to extract and extract in the past. Today, new technologies have changed this.
The most eye-catching new energy axis is Canada. In only ten years, this marginal oil sands has become Canada's main resource. According to the data of BP World Energy Statistics 2011, 70% of the world's remaining oil reserves are in the hands of OPEC, and half of the other oil resources are hidden in Canadian oil sands.
At present, Canada's oil sands produce up to 1.5 million barrels per day. Canada is also the only country in the world that has achieved large-scale exploitation of oil sands. In another decade, Canada’s oil sands production capacity could double to 3 million barrels per day. This increase in production, along with other oil production, will make Canada’s total oil production surpass Iran’s – the world’s fifth largest oil producer after Russia, Saudi Arabia, the United States, and China.
Located at the other end of the new energy axis is Brazil. The “Global Energy Outlook†report released recently by Barclays Bank, a well-known British investment agency, pointed out that in the next decade, the Latin American oil and gas market will be mainly promoted by Brazil and Colombia, of which Brazil is even more so.
In the 1970s, the Brazilians originally thought that their country lacked oil resources, so they vigorously developed the technology of extracting ethanol from sucrose to meet their energy needs. However, after 2000, Brazil discovered an astonishing amount of oil resources on its southern coast. Originally these resources have been buried under a salt strip of one mile (1.6 kilometers) thick for many years. With the advancement of technology, Brazil is now beginning to exploit these “salt oils†on a large scale. According to reports by Brazilian media, by 2020, Brazil’s share of salt production will account for Brazil’s total energy output from the current 2% to 40.5%, and its output will be nearly 2 million barrels per day. Pedro Cordeiro, an energy consultant with Bain & Company in the United States, even asserted: “By 2020, Brazil will become a big oil country with output equal to that of Iran.â€
The third location on the new energy axis is the United States. A large number of shale gas technologies are being used throughout the United States to extract oil from dense rocks.
The first successful excavation was in North Dakota. Eight years ago, a rock formation named “Bakken†located a few miles below the ground could produce only a few 10,000 barrels of oil per day. Today, it has already produced nearly 500,000 barrels of oil per day. North Dakota also became the fourth largest state in US oil production, and the unemployment rate fell to the lowest in the United States.
The production of tight sandstone oil has grown rapidly. In 2000, the total output of the United States was only 200,000 barrels per day. However, according to conservative estimates, around 2020, this output may reach 3 million barrels a day—equal to one-third of the total US-made crude oil.
The prospects are not smooth. The Washington Post believes that this new energy axis may lead to a fundamental change in the global oil supply and demand situation. Western Hemisphere countries will still need to obtain oil from other parts of the world, but certainly far less than just a few years. The forecasted increase in demand is expected to be halved by 2020.
However, the future of energy in the Western Hemisphere is not easy. Technological breakthroughs and scientific advances have enabled these resources to be used by people, but at the same time they have also brought with them natural environmental pollution.
Oil sands are viscous, bituminous mixtures that cannot be flowed or pumped, either by extraction and processing, or by heating and dilution to produce useful synthetic petroleum products. Each barrel of crude oil for crude oil needs 5 barrels of water, and it also needs to burn a lot of fossil fuels. Some environmentalists in Canada strongly call for an end to the exploitation of oil sands. They called oil sands "dirty oil," saying that the carbon dioxide emitted from the production and extraction of oil sands to the formation of automobile exhaust gas is on average 5% to 15% higher than the direct extraction and use of crude oil. In addition, the Alberta Province of Canada, rich in oil sands, is a gathering place for Indians. The development of resources involves the interests of local aboriginal people. It is also difficult to negotiate mediation.
Opposition to the use of shale gas technology is also increasing. Tight fracturing is used for the development of tight sandstone oil, but millions of tons of water are required for each hydraulic fracturing. In addition, the infiltration of chemicals added to the water into the ground may contaminate the groundwater. In 2010, at the Sundance Film Festival, a documentary titled “Shale Gas†was published, telling about the fact that the water near the gas wells could ignite and residents living nearby complained about the contamination of the waterways. The film has also won an Oscar nomination. However, the MIT survey found that "Shale Gas" exaggerated the risk of shale gas extraction. Burning water is a real phenomenon in some places, but it is very rare. The main reason is that methane enters a source of reference, and this phenomenon occurs whether or not shale gas is developed nearby. Taking into account the opposition from the people, the US Environmental Protection Agency has decided to start investigating other "potential adverse effects" of the hydraulic fracturing technology on drinking water, and it is expected that the results will be announced at the end of 2012.
The extent to which the new energy axis of the rise of the Western Hemisphere will develop will eventually change the global energy landscape. We will wait and see.
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