Although China has a large trade surplus every year, in terms of the mold industry, it is a deficit every year. According to the data provided by China Die & Mould Industry Association, since the beginning of the 21st century, China's mold sales have grown at an average annual rate of about 20%. In 2009, China's mold product sales reached nearly 100 billion yuan. However, the trade deficit of the mold industry is about 1 billion yuan each year. Why is the mold industry as the mother of the industry weak in export? In order to reveal the trade deficit of the mold and explore the long-term development of the mold, Luo Baihui, the executive secretary of the International Association of Mold and Hardware and Plastics Industry Suppliers, conducted an in-depth analysis.
According to customs statistics, in 2008, China's total import and export of molds was 3.926 billion US dollars. Among them, the total import value was 2.004 billion US dollars, and the total export value was 1.922 billion US dollars. In 2009, China's total import and export of molds was 3.807 billion US dollars, down 3.03% from 2008. The total import value was US$1.964 billion, a decrease of 2% from 2008; the total export value was US$1.843 billion, a decrease of 4.11% from 2008. In 2009, affected by the international financial crisis, both imports and exports fell, and the deficit has always existed. Why has the trade deficit in the mold industry been maintained? Luo Baihui believes that there are two main reasons:
1. The state encourages the influence of import policies.
The technology is not to "cultivate" but to "buy", which is the industry development strategy that Chinese enterprises have always adhered to. We are aware of the technical disadvantages in technology, especially in the core manufacturing field. The state and enterprises are determined to change the current passive dilemma, in order to accelerate the pace of development and shorten the time for technological upgrading. Governments and companies tend to buy technology and machinery, and equipment must buy high-profile. It takes time to cultivate talents, so it is better to buy them more conveniently. Nowadays, many private enterprises have advanced equipments than foreign-funded enterprises and are more advanced than Japan. They also employ Japanese technical personnel or technical consultants and deputy general managers to provide guidance on the spot. It is we who spare no effort to introduce high-priced machinery and talents and maintain the trade deficit for so many years.
2. There is room for improvement in high-end technology.
At present, more than 40% of the world's mold products are made in China. The world's top IT and digital products are manufactured by China. In China, the level of mold manufacturing has been in line with international standards. However, in terms of high-end precision machine tool technology, we still have gaps for the time being. The main reason is that Japan and Germany are restricting the export of high-end machine tools because of the technology-restricting countries. For example, DMG’s high-end five-axis linkage machine tool It is restricted to export to China. Even high-end technicians are limited to employment in the field. They are worried that the loss of personnel is accompanied by the outflow of technology. Another more important factor is that we do not cultivate talents and do not pay attention to the habit of technology research and development. This reason is related to "only paying attention to buy" above.
How to make the Chinese mold industry grow healthily?
1. National policy should be re-trained.
On the one hand, it treats foreign investors and private enterprises equally, and listens to the voice of the industry in taxation and other policies. The mold importing proposal that was previously concerned by the automobile industry proposed that the standard of taxation is not divided according to the “B gradeâ€, “wheelbase†and “displacementâ€, but is divided according to price, that is, if the imported mold is produced. For vehicles over 300,000 yuan, it is recommended to give tax exemption, otherwise it will be taxed according to the regulations. Such a proposal has promoted the production of some medium and low-quality molds in China, which is indeed beneficial to the development of the domestic industry.
On the other hand, the state focuses on training a number of key enterprises. The development in the past few years has greatly improved the level of mold manufacturing technology in China, and some of them have approached or reached the international level. In the list of 95 key Chinese key mold companies that have been announced, they include the key backbone of China's automobile panel molds. Enterprises, China's large-scale precision plastic mold key enterprises, China's casting mold key enterprises and other large-scale mold enterprises, also include China's plastic profile extrusion die key backbone enterprises, China's special glass mold key enterprises and other small mold enterprises, Play the role of "leading".
2. Develop cluster production methods.
Mold City (park, agglomeration production base) and mold alliance can provide multi-faceted services for the majority of mold companies. As an important part of the informationization promotion project of the SMEs of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, the SMEs service platform for the mold industry--the start-up guide for the construction of the lean enterprise R&D service platform for the SMEs in the mold industry will be established by the state for the real economy and SMEs. A specific form of service of the service platform will certainly help the construction of the park, improve the level of small and medium-sized mold enterprises, and the public information service platform will develop faster. Its various service functions and the promotion of the productivity of the majority of small and medium-sized enterprises will also More visible.
In recent years, the mold cluster production method has been developed. There are more than 50 “mold cities†in the country. The completed “mould city†includes Dongguan Hengli Mould City, Zhejiang Yuyao Mould City, Kunshan Jiangsu Province Mould Industrial Experimental Zone, and Ninghai Mould. City, China (Botou) Auto Mould Town, Huanghua Mould City, Changsha International Mould City, Chengdu Mould Industrial Park, Beilun Mould Park, Dalian Mould City, etc. have played an active role, while extending the industrial chain, reducing the overall operating costs and promoting Competition and cooperation within the cluster promote the formation of professional markets and production bases. The cluster production method is not to attract more factories to enter, the ultimate goal is to share the platform and jointly improve production levels.
3. Strictly cultivate talents and challenge them more difficult and complicated.
Luo Baihui, the executive secretary of the International Association of Molds and Hardware and Plastics Industry Suppliers, believes that talent is the focus of influence on corporate concepts. Why have companies been buying and not cultivating them? It is the issue of talent. Why can't we produce large, complex molds? It is also a talent. Technology can be bought, equipment can be bought, but talent can only be cultivated. At present, many enterprises have widely used CAD, CAM, CAE, CAPP, PDM, PLM, MES, ERP production tools, but also high-tech, but still lack of human training. To truly break through the bottleneck of China's mold technology, mold companies should re-evaluate the employer, stabilize the structure of the company's technical personnel, and the technology research and development team. After a period of accumulation, we can have breakthroughs in innovation. In this way, we can break through the monopoly of foreign giants in high-end technology, get rid of the passive import of technology, and usher in the real development of Chinese molds. 4. Develop high-end machine tool equipment and actively respond to high-precision needs
Mold products are developing in a larger, more sophisticated, more complex and more economical direction, and China's mold production is increasingly generating greater benefits. Luo Baihui believes that on the battlefield of import and export, we are still passive and at a disadvantage. We must change the development of the mold industry. We must start with exports and establish an export industry that belongs to our own people. Only then can we get rid of the fate of foundry and master the initiative of trade. .
Now China has been able to produce a complete set of automotive molds for grade B and below passenger cars and other passenger cars and commercial vehicles. It is a precision high-speed multi-station grade with an accuracy of 2μm for the electronics industry and a life expectancy of more than 200 million times. The mold, a single mold with a weight of more than 100 tons, a large multi-station progressive mold with a length of 6 meters, a high-level mold such as a light guide plate mold, a CD mold, and a biochip mold. The multi-station progressive die produced by some companies can be used on high-speed punching machines of 2000 times/min with an accuracy of 1μm. In terms of large-scale plastic molds, plastic molds such as plastic shell molds, automobile bumpers and integral instrument panels for 43-inch large-screen color TVs and 65-inch rear-projection TVs have been produced in China. In terms of precision plastic molds, we have been able to produce camera and mobile phone plastic parts molds, multi-cavity small modulus gear molds and 7800 cavity plastic molds with an accuracy of 5μm.
Along with the development of the manufacturing industry, the miniaturization of product parts and the improvement of precision requirements have become more and more demanding on the precision of mold processing. Some molds require machining accuracy of less than 1 μm, which requires the development of super finishing. Micron-scale precision machining for automobiles, airplanes, precision machinery; sub-micron (0.01μm) precision machining for disk and drum manufacturing; nanometer (0.001μm) precision machining for ultra-precision electronics.
The increasing size of mold-forming parts and the high productivity of parts require a multi-cavity mold. The molds of several tons to several tens of tons are very common, with a few hundred cavities and even thousands of cavities. Therefore, it is required that the machine table can bear a large weight, which requires the device to have a large load-bearing and high rigidity characteristics, and must have a sufficiently large table size and working stroke to be adapted. In addition, the mold cavity is mostly composed of complex space six curved surfaces and grooves, and many molds have deep cavity, which requires the machine tool to have multi-axis linkage and good deep cavity cavity comprehensive cutting ability to achieve 3D surface. High precision, high speed and high stability processing.
According to customs statistics, in 2008, China's total import and export of molds was 3.926 billion US dollars. Among them, the total import value was 2.004 billion US dollars, and the total export value was 1.922 billion US dollars. In 2009, China's total import and export of molds was 3.807 billion US dollars, down 3.03% from 2008. The total import value was US$1.964 billion, a decrease of 2% from 2008; the total export value was US$1.843 billion, a decrease of 4.11% from 2008. In 2009, affected by the international financial crisis, both imports and exports fell, and the deficit has always existed. Why has the trade deficit in the mold industry been maintained? Luo Baihui believes that there are two main reasons:
1. The state encourages the influence of import policies.
The technology is not to "cultivate" but to "buy", which is the industry development strategy that Chinese enterprises have always adhered to. We are aware of the technical disadvantages in technology, especially in the core manufacturing field. The state and enterprises are determined to change the current passive dilemma, in order to accelerate the pace of development and shorten the time for technological upgrading. Governments and companies tend to buy technology and machinery, and equipment must buy high-profile. It takes time to cultivate talents, so it is better to buy them more conveniently. Nowadays, many private enterprises have advanced equipments than foreign-funded enterprises and are more advanced than Japan. They also employ Japanese technical personnel or technical consultants and deputy general managers to provide guidance on the spot. It is we who spare no effort to introduce high-priced machinery and talents and maintain the trade deficit for so many years.
2. There is room for improvement in high-end technology.
At present, more than 40% of the world's mold products are made in China. The world's top IT and digital products are manufactured by China. In China, the level of mold manufacturing has been in line with international standards. However, in terms of high-end precision machine tool technology, we still have gaps for the time being. The main reason is that Japan and Germany are restricting the export of high-end machine tools because of the technology-restricting countries. For example, DMG’s high-end five-axis linkage machine tool It is restricted to export to China. Even high-end technicians are limited to employment in the field. They are worried that the loss of personnel is accompanied by the outflow of technology. Another more important factor is that we do not cultivate talents and do not pay attention to the habit of technology research and development. This reason is related to "only paying attention to buy" above.
How to make the Chinese mold industry grow healthily?
1. National policy should be re-trained.
On the one hand, it treats foreign investors and private enterprises equally, and listens to the voice of the industry in taxation and other policies. The mold importing proposal that was previously concerned by the automobile industry proposed that the standard of taxation is not divided according to the “B gradeâ€, “wheelbase†and “displacementâ€, but is divided according to price, that is, if the imported mold is produced. For vehicles over 300,000 yuan, it is recommended to give tax exemption, otherwise it will be taxed according to the regulations. Such a proposal has promoted the production of some medium and low-quality molds in China, which is indeed beneficial to the development of the domestic industry.
On the other hand, the state focuses on training a number of key enterprises. The development in the past few years has greatly improved the level of mold manufacturing technology in China, and some of them have approached or reached the international level. In the list of 95 key Chinese key mold companies that have been announced, they include the key backbone of China's automobile panel molds. Enterprises, China's large-scale precision plastic mold key enterprises, China's casting mold key enterprises and other large-scale mold enterprises, also include China's plastic profile extrusion die key backbone enterprises, China's special glass mold key enterprises and other small mold enterprises, Play the role of "leading".
2. Develop cluster production methods.
Mold City (park, agglomeration production base) and mold alliance can provide multi-faceted services for the majority of mold companies. As an important part of the informationization promotion project of the SMEs of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, the SMEs service platform for the mold industry--the start-up guide for the construction of the lean enterprise R&D service platform for the SMEs in the mold industry will be established by the state for the real economy and SMEs. A specific form of service of the service platform will certainly help the construction of the park, improve the level of small and medium-sized mold enterprises, and the public information service platform will develop faster. Its various service functions and the promotion of the productivity of the majority of small and medium-sized enterprises will also More visible.
In recent years, the mold cluster production method has been developed. There are more than 50 “mold cities†in the country. The completed “mould city†includes Dongguan Hengli Mould City, Zhejiang Yuyao Mould City, Kunshan Jiangsu Province Mould Industrial Experimental Zone, and Ninghai Mould. City, China (Botou) Auto Mould Town, Huanghua Mould City, Changsha International Mould City, Chengdu Mould Industrial Park, Beilun Mould Park, Dalian Mould City, etc. have played an active role, while extending the industrial chain, reducing the overall operating costs and promoting Competition and cooperation within the cluster promote the formation of professional markets and production bases. The cluster production method is not to attract more factories to enter, the ultimate goal is to share the platform and jointly improve production levels.
3. Strictly cultivate talents and challenge them more difficult and complicated.
Luo Baihui, the executive secretary of the International Association of Molds and Hardware and Plastics Industry Suppliers, believes that talent is the focus of influence on corporate concepts. Why have companies been buying and not cultivating them? It is the issue of talent. Why can't we produce large, complex molds? It is also a talent. Technology can be bought, equipment can be bought, but talent can only be cultivated. At present, many enterprises have widely used CAD, CAM, CAE, CAPP, PDM, PLM, MES, ERP production tools, but also high-tech, but still lack of human training. To truly break through the bottleneck of China's mold technology, mold companies should re-evaluate the employer, stabilize the structure of the company's technical personnel, and the technology research and development team. After a period of accumulation, we can have breakthroughs in innovation. In this way, we can break through the monopoly of foreign giants in high-end technology, get rid of the passive import of technology, and usher in the real development of Chinese molds. 4. Develop high-end machine tool equipment and actively respond to high-precision needs
Mold products are developing in a larger, more sophisticated, more complex and more economical direction, and China's mold production is increasingly generating greater benefits. Luo Baihui believes that on the battlefield of import and export, we are still passive and at a disadvantage. We must change the development of the mold industry. We must start with exports and establish an export industry that belongs to our own people. Only then can we get rid of the fate of foundry and master the initiative of trade. .
Now China has been able to produce a complete set of automotive molds for grade B and below passenger cars and other passenger cars and commercial vehicles. It is a precision high-speed multi-station grade with an accuracy of 2μm for the electronics industry and a life expectancy of more than 200 million times. The mold, a single mold with a weight of more than 100 tons, a large multi-station progressive mold with a length of 6 meters, a high-level mold such as a light guide plate mold, a CD mold, and a biochip mold. The multi-station progressive die produced by some companies can be used on high-speed punching machines of 2000 times/min with an accuracy of 1μm. In terms of large-scale plastic molds, plastic molds such as plastic shell molds, automobile bumpers and integral instrument panels for 43-inch large-screen color TVs and 65-inch rear-projection TVs have been produced in China. In terms of precision plastic molds, we have been able to produce camera and mobile phone plastic parts molds, multi-cavity small modulus gear molds and 7800 cavity plastic molds with an accuracy of 5μm.
Along with the development of the manufacturing industry, the miniaturization of product parts and the improvement of precision requirements have become more and more demanding on the precision of mold processing. Some molds require machining accuracy of less than 1 μm, which requires the development of super finishing. Micron-scale precision machining for automobiles, airplanes, precision machinery; sub-micron (0.01μm) precision machining for disk and drum manufacturing; nanometer (0.001μm) precision machining for ultra-precision electronics.
The increasing size of mold-forming parts and the high productivity of parts require a multi-cavity mold. The molds of several tons to several tens of tons are very common, with a few hundred cavities and even thousands of cavities. Therefore, it is required that the machine table can bear a large weight, which requires the device to have a large load-bearing and high rigidity characteristics, and must have a sufficiently large table size and working stroke to be adapted. In addition, the mold cavity is mostly composed of complex space six curved surfaces and grooves, and many molds have deep cavity, which requires the machine tool to have multi-axis linkage and good deep cavity cavity comprehensive cutting ability to achieve 3D surface. High precision, high speed and high stability processing.
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