Scientific fertilization of fruit trees is the key to fertilizing orchards, promoting soil looseness, maintaining good soil aeration, improving soil ecological environment conditions, supplementing and regulating soil nutrients, promoting healthy and balanced growth of fruit trees, and promoting sustained high yield, high quality and high efficiency of fruit trees. Measures. In the production practice, because the fruit farmers do not teach science, it not only causes waste of money, but also reduces the yield and quality of the fruit, and even the phenomenon of harming the tree of the fruit tree. In order to guide the fertilization of fruit farmers, the reporter interviewed Bao Mingsheng, the head of the original fruit tree station of Jinan Forestry Bureau, to introduce the fruit farmers to the types of fertilization, the amount of fertilization, the time of fertilization and the method of fertilization.
Bao Mingsheng pointed out that the type of fertilizer applied to fruit trees should be selected according to the fertility and the need to adapt to the growth of fruit trees. Fertile soil conditions are the basis for the robust growth of fruit trees. The standard for measuring soil fertility is the high level of soil organic matter, high soil organic matter content, ability to maintain soil dredging, good ventilation, enhanced water and fertilizer retention capacity, and provide a good living and breeding environment for beneficial biological bacteria. Promote the robust growth of roots.
The rapid growth of young fruit trees requires more nitrogen fertilizer; the growth, flowering, fruiting, flower bud formation and fruit quality of mature fruit trees require balanced nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium ratios and comprehensive elements of medium and trace elements. Therefore, in addition to the appropriate increase of nitrogen fertilizer in young fruit trees, the fertilization of mature fruit trees should maximize soil organic matter, maintain a reasonable ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium, and comprehensive elements of medium and trace elements.
However, since the early 1980s, most orchards have gone to the misunderstanding of simplistic fertilizers. It has become a habit to increase the application of high-content fertilizers. The concept of high-yield and high-yield fertilizers is deeply rooted in the hearts of the people, resulting in more and more fruit production. High, taste and quality are getting worse. Bao Mingsheng introduced that in the past 30 years, the orchard has been applying chemical fertilizer for a long time, and the soil fertility has been destroyed. Due to the serious lack of organic matter in the soil, the soil is compacted, the ventilation is poor, the beneficial bacteria lose the living environment, and the harmful bacteria multiply into disasters, which not only affects the robust growth of the roots, but also causes serious root diseases. Second, the physiological diseases are serious. Due to the exhaustion of trace elements in the soil, apple lobular disease, iron deficiency, bitter pox disease, red spots, black spots, molting, shrinking fruit disease, pear head disease, apricot scab and other physiological diseases are common. The third is the decline in fruit quality. Due to the long-term application of chemical fertilizers, soil organic matter is scarce and nutrients are single, resulting in a general decline in fruit quality. Such as the well-known Chinese and foreign Laiyang pear, the past rich flavor, crisp and juicy, now is not sweet, not sweet. Fourth, the branches are long and prone to large and small results. Long-term application of high levels of chemical fertilizers, generally biased towards nitrogen fertilizer, resulting in long and slender branches, apples are not easy to appear in small years. Especially in the years when the autumn rains are more, the results of the small year are generally common in the second year of the plain orchard. This is the lesson that the nitrogen fertilizer is more and the branches continue to grow. Bao Mingsheng emphasized that the current fruit farmers must update their concepts, change their fertilization awareness, get out of the misunderstanding of chemical fertilizers, and turn to fermented and fertile farmyard manure or high-quality commercial organic fertilizers. The implementation of organic fertilizer as the main body and chemical fertilizer as a supplementary scientific fertilization principle.
Bao Mingsheng pointed out that the type of fertilizer applied to fruit trees should be selected according to the fertility and the need to adapt to the growth of fruit trees. Fertile soil conditions are the basis for the robust growth of fruit trees. The standard for measuring soil fertility is the high level of soil organic matter, high soil organic matter content, ability to maintain soil dredging, good ventilation, enhanced water and fertilizer retention capacity, and provide a good living and breeding environment for beneficial biological bacteria. Promote the robust growth of roots.
The rapid growth of young fruit trees requires more nitrogen fertilizer; the growth, flowering, fruiting, flower bud formation and fruit quality of mature fruit trees require balanced nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium ratios and comprehensive elements of medium and trace elements. Therefore, in addition to the appropriate increase of nitrogen fertilizer in young fruit trees, the fertilization of mature fruit trees should maximize soil organic matter, maintain a reasonable ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium, and comprehensive elements of medium and trace elements.
However, since the early 1980s, most orchards have gone to the misunderstanding of simplistic fertilizers. It has become a habit to increase the application of high-content fertilizers. The concept of high-yield and high-yield fertilizers is deeply rooted in the hearts of the people, resulting in more and more fruit production. High, taste and quality are getting worse. Bao Mingsheng introduced that in the past 30 years, the orchard has been applying chemical fertilizer for a long time, and the soil fertility has been destroyed. Due to the serious lack of organic matter in the soil, the soil is compacted, the ventilation is poor, the beneficial bacteria lose the living environment, and the harmful bacteria multiply into disasters, which not only affects the robust growth of the roots, but also causes serious root diseases. Second, the physiological diseases are serious. Due to the exhaustion of trace elements in the soil, apple lobular disease, iron deficiency, bitter pox disease, red spots, black spots, molting, shrinking fruit disease, pear head disease, apricot scab and other physiological diseases are common. The third is the decline in fruit quality. Due to the long-term application of chemical fertilizers, soil organic matter is scarce and nutrients are single, resulting in a general decline in fruit quality. Such as the well-known Chinese and foreign Laiyang pear, the past rich flavor, crisp and juicy, now is not sweet, not sweet. Fourth, the branches are long and prone to large and small results. Long-term application of high levels of chemical fertilizers, generally biased towards nitrogen fertilizer, resulting in long and slender branches, apples are not easy to appear in small years. Especially in the years when the autumn rains are more, the results of the small year are generally common in the second year of the plain orchard. This is the lesson that the nitrogen fertilizer is more and the branches continue to grow. Bao Mingsheng emphasized that the current fruit farmers must update their concepts, change their fertilization awareness, get out of the misunderstanding of chemical fertilizers, and turn to fermented and fertile farmyard manure or high-quality commercial organic fertilizers. The implementation of organic fertilizer as the main body and chemical fertilizer as a supplementary scientific fertilization principle.
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