Melons, solanaceous fruits, onion and garlic, cruciferous vegetables are all vegetables that are avoided in continuous cropping, because continuous cropping will cause disease, soil quality, and decline in yield and quality. Reasonable rotation can make full use of soil nutrients, inhibit the occurrence of pests and diseases, and improve land utilization.
1. Make full use of soil nutrients
Because the roots of the same vegetable are distributed in the same range and depth, the absorbed nutrients are the same, and they are planted for many years. It is easy to cause a certain nutrient deficiency due to long-term consumption, breaking the soil nutrient balance, causing fertility decline and soil surface salt accumulation. The fertilizers required for different vegetables are different. For example, leafy vegetables such as vegetables and spinach require more nitrogen fertilizer; melons, tomatoes, peppers and other fruits and vegetables require more phosphate fertilizer; potato, yam and other root vegetables require potassium fertilizer. More, by rotating them, you can make full use of the various nutrients in the soil, reduce the amount of fertilizer, and reduce vegetable pollution.
2. Suppress pests and diseases
Repeated planting of similar vegetable crops is likely to cause changes in microbial populations in the soil, especially the increase in soil-borne pathogens, causing the same pests to accumulate and spread. Through the rotation of different kinds of vegetables, it is possible to change the living conditions of pests and diseases and achieve the purpose of reducing pests and diseases. For example, grain and vegetable rotation, water and drought rotation, can control soil-borne diseases; planting onion and garlic vegetables and then planting Chinese cabbage can reduce the occurrence of soft rot.
3. Significant production increase effect
Continuous cropping causes the accumulation of toxic substances harmful to the growth of vegetable roots in the soil. The "self-toxic" effect is strengthened, and the soil enzyme activity changes, the growth of soil beneficial bacteria is inhibited, and the number of microorganisms that are not conducive to plant growth increases, leading to soil. The imbalance of microbial flora affects the normal growth of crops. Reasonable rotation can not only avoid the occurrence of “self-toxicity†phenomenon, but also maintain the balance of soil biological flora. At the same time, the rotation of vegetables can also be due to the climatic mechanism of the species, and comprehensive consideration, not to delay the agricultural time, improve planting efficiency.
4, the rotation method
The same crops with the same family and farming system are classified into one category, and a crop community, such as cabbage, root vegetables, solanaceous fruits, melons, beans, etc., are planted according to the year and rotation. At the same time, it should be noted that the rotation period of different vegetables is different. For example, cucumber and eggplant should be separated by 4 to 5 years. Tomatoes, peppers, broccoli and kidney beans should be separated by more than 3 years. Spinach, leeks and onions should be separated by more than 1 year.
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