The protection and infiltration irrigation technology is used to open the switch of the reservoir. Watering and fertilization can be completed automatically by seepage irrigation, which not only saves water and fertilizer, saves expenses, but also saves labor and facilitates field management. The fertilizer is directly supplied to the root system of the watermelon along with the water, and the fertilizer is quickly applied, and the fertilizer utilization rate is high. After the irrigation, the humidity of the air in the protection ground is low, the occurrence of pests and diseases is reduced, the amount of the pesticide is reduced, the quality of the watermelon is improved, and the surface layer of the soil is always maintained. Drying reduces water evaporation, improves ground temperature, and has good ventilation. Watermelon grows well. Not only increase production, but also make the maturity period advance, and the quality of watermelon is good. The output of watermelon is 4300~4800kg per 667 square meters, and the harvest period is 15~30 days earlier than the open field, and the income is increased by more than 50%.
1 System design and construction
1.1 Building a bud pool
In the protected area, a reservoir with a volume of about 5-6 cubic meters is built every 334 square meters of planting area. The depth of the bottom of the pool is above 0.8m, and it is pressurized by the natural drop. A filter screen is added to the water outlet of the pool to prevent particulate matter in the water from blocking the irrigation pipe. On the day before the planned watering, water is stored in the pool to increase the water temperature and prevent the water from being too low to cause damage to the growth of the watermelon.
1.2 Pipe network design
The water pipe can be made of plastic pipe and rubber pipe, one end is connected to the water outlet of the water tank, and the other end is connected with the water branch pipe. The branch pipe is made of a hard plastic pipe with a diameter of 30 to 60 mm and is laid along the direction of the protection ground. A set of plastic inlet and exhaust valves are installed at the end of the water pipe to prevent the air in the branch pipe and the seepage pipe from being blocked when the water is poured. At the end of the watering, the air pressure in the pipe network and the air pressure outside the pipe network are also balanced.
1.3 The embedding of the seepage irrigation pipe
The seepage pipe is perpendicular to the branch pipe and buried in the direction of the ridge. Before burying, determine the spacing of the irrigation pipes. The protected watermelons are mostly ridged, and the ridge spacing is generally 1.2-1.5 m. The design spacing of the irrigation pipes is the same as the ridge spacing. Use a punch to punch a row of holes with appropriate hole diameters on the side of the plastic branch pipe, and then connect the seepage pipe to the branch pipe with a connecting plug. The other end of the percolation tube is plugged with a plug. The root system of watermelon is generally distributed in the soil layer 10~30cm below the surface layer of the soil. In order to facilitate the cultivation, it can meet the needs of watermelon water supply. The depth of the irrigation pipe is determined to be about 25cm.
When burying, one method is to dig a groove about 25cm deep on the side of the protection ground to place the branch pipe; perpendicular to the branch pipe, dig the same depth groove in the direction of the ridge, and the number of grooves is equal to the number of ridges of watermelon cultivation. Place the branch pipe and the connected seepage pipe in the ditch, and keep the seepage pipe horizontal as much as possible. To prevent the water from leaking downward, you can spread a plastic film or linoleum paper of 10-15 cm below the seepage pipe and fill it. Earth, for a while. This method of burying is called "permanent" and can be used continuously for many years. Another method is to place the connected branch pipe and the seepage pipe on the ground, and then plow the soil above the seepage pipe to form a ridge platform with a bottom width of 50 cm and a height of about 25 cm, and the watermelon is planted on the ridge platform. After the watermelon is harvested, the branch pipe and the seepage pipe are taken out and re-buried at the next use. This method is called “cultivation soil typeâ€.
2 Fertilizer management technology
The core of this technology is to apply enough base fertilizer, seepage irrigation water supply, seepage irrigation and fertilizer, without top dressing.
1 Combined with land preparation, 4000kg of high-quality farmyard manure and 70kg of diammonium phosphate are applied per 667 square meters. Before planting, open a 10cm deep furrow above the buried seepage pipe, 60kg of rotted cake fertilizer and 30kg of ternary compound fertilizer per 667 square meters in the ditch, or 2000kg of high-quality farmyard manure and 30kg of superphosphate per 667 square meters. 10kg of potassium sulphate and ammonium sulphate, then cultivating the soil to form a ridge platform with a bottom width of 50cm and a height of about 10cm; after the "cultivation soil type" seepage irrigation is applied, the seepage irrigation pipe is placed, and then the ridge table is raised, and the ridge height is 25cm. about. The mulch can be covered on the ridge.
In the middle and late 23rd, watermelon seedlings with a seedling age of about 40 days will be planted on the ridge platform, and the water will be planted. After 4 to 5 days of planting, the seedling water is poured once, and the control water volume per 667 square meters is 10 cubic meters; when the watermelon begins to spread the vine, the water is poured once, and the water is poured before flowering, the water volume is about 8m3/667 square meters; After the fruit is placed, after filling the water in a 6-cubic-meter reservoir, add about 12kg of 3% ternary compound fertilizer to dissolve it, and then pour a fertilized fertilizer water. The water volume is controlled at 16-18 cubic meters 667 square meters. After 5 to 6 days, water once, water once or twice, then add a ternary compound fertilizer in the water; 8 to 10 days before the watermelon harvest (early June), stop watering.
3 It is necessary to pay special attention to the fact that the irrigation volume of watermelon during the whole growing season is controlled within 200 cubic meters / 667 square meters, and the maximum amount of water per irrigation is not more than 18 cubic meters / 667 square meters. Otherwise, not only water is wasted, but also the soil moisture content is exceeded. High, the humidity in the protected area is too high, which is not good for watermelon growth. Irrigation should avoid the cloudy weather and the low temperature, try to choose the sunny evening. During the entire growing season, unless the growth of the watermelon shows a significant lack of fertilizer, there is no need to use other methods of topdressing.
1 System design and construction
1.1 Building a bud pool
In the protected area, a reservoir with a volume of about 5-6 cubic meters is built every 334 square meters of planting area. The depth of the bottom of the pool is above 0.8m, and it is pressurized by the natural drop. A filter screen is added to the water outlet of the pool to prevent particulate matter in the water from blocking the irrigation pipe. On the day before the planned watering, water is stored in the pool to increase the water temperature and prevent the water from being too low to cause damage to the growth of the watermelon.
1.2 Pipe network design
The water pipe can be made of plastic pipe and rubber pipe, one end is connected to the water outlet of the water tank, and the other end is connected with the water branch pipe. The branch pipe is made of a hard plastic pipe with a diameter of 30 to 60 mm and is laid along the direction of the protection ground. A set of plastic inlet and exhaust valves are installed at the end of the water pipe to prevent the air in the branch pipe and the seepage pipe from being blocked when the water is poured. At the end of the watering, the air pressure in the pipe network and the air pressure outside the pipe network are also balanced.
1.3 The embedding of the seepage irrigation pipe
The seepage pipe is perpendicular to the branch pipe and buried in the direction of the ridge. Before burying, determine the spacing of the irrigation pipes. The protected watermelons are mostly ridged, and the ridge spacing is generally 1.2-1.5 m. The design spacing of the irrigation pipes is the same as the ridge spacing. Use a punch to punch a row of holes with appropriate hole diameters on the side of the plastic branch pipe, and then connect the seepage pipe to the branch pipe with a connecting plug. The other end of the percolation tube is plugged with a plug. The root system of watermelon is generally distributed in the soil layer 10~30cm below the surface layer of the soil. In order to facilitate the cultivation, it can meet the needs of watermelon water supply. The depth of the irrigation pipe is determined to be about 25cm.
When burying, one method is to dig a groove about 25cm deep on the side of the protection ground to place the branch pipe; perpendicular to the branch pipe, dig the same depth groove in the direction of the ridge, and the number of grooves is equal to the number of ridges of watermelon cultivation. Place the branch pipe and the connected seepage pipe in the ditch, and keep the seepage pipe horizontal as much as possible. To prevent the water from leaking downward, you can spread a plastic film or linoleum paper of 10-15 cm below the seepage pipe and fill it. Earth, for a while. This method of burying is called "permanent" and can be used continuously for many years. Another method is to place the connected branch pipe and the seepage pipe on the ground, and then plow the soil above the seepage pipe to form a ridge platform with a bottom width of 50 cm and a height of about 25 cm, and the watermelon is planted on the ridge platform. After the watermelon is harvested, the branch pipe and the seepage pipe are taken out and re-buried at the next use. This method is called “cultivation soil typeâ€.
2 Fertilizer management technology
The core of this technology is to apply enough base fertilizer, seepage irrigation water supply, seepage irrigation and fertilizer, without top dressing.
1 Combined with land preparation, 4000kg of high-quality farmyard manure and 70kg of diammonium phosphate are applied per 667 square meters. Before planting, open a 10cm deep furrow above the buried seepage pipe, 60kg of rotted cake fertilizer and 30kg of ternary compound fertilizer per 667 square meters in the ditch, or 2000kg of high-quality farmyard manure and 30kg of superphosphate per 667 square meters. 10kg of potassium sulphate and ammonium sulphate, then cultivating the soil to form a ridge platform with a bottom width of 50cm and a height of about 10cm; after the "cultivation soil type" seepage irrigation is applied, the seepage irrigation pipe is placed, and then the ridge table is raised, and the ridge height is 25cm. about. The mulch can be covered on the ridge.
In the middle and late 23rd, watermelon seedlings with a seedling age of about 40 days will be planted on the ridge platform, and the water will be planted. After 4 to 5 days of planting, the seedling water is poured once, and the control water volume per 667 square meters is 10 cubic meters; when the watermelon begins to spread the vine, the water is poured once, and the water is poured before flowering, the water volume is about 8m3/667 square meters; After the fruit is placed, after filling the water in a 6-cubic-meter reservoir, add about 12kg of 3% ternary compound fertilizer to dissolve it, and then pour a fertilized fertilizer water. The water volume is controlled at 16-18 cubic meters 667 square meters. After 5 to 6 days, water once, water once or twice, then add a ternary compound fertilizer in the water; 8 to 10 days before the watermelon harvest (early June), stop watering.
3 It is necessary to pay special attention to the fact that the irrigation volume of watermelon during the whole growing season is controlled within 200 cubic meters / 667 square meters, and the maximum amount of water per irrigation is not more than 18 cubic meters / 667 square meters. Otherwise, not only water is wasted, but also the soil moisture content is exceeded. High, the humidity in the protected area is too high, which is not good for watermelon growth. Irrigation should avoid the cloudy weather and the low temperature, try to choose the sunny evening. During the entire growing season, unless the growth of the watermelon shows a significant lack of fertilizer, there is no need to use other methods of topdressing.
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