First, physiological characteristics Eggum (Solanum melongena L.) belongs to the Solanaceae Solanum, alias: eggplant, short melon, Luosu, green eggplant, purple eggplant, is an annual herb. The eggplant has a developed root system and is drought-tolerant. The degree of lignification of the main stem is high, and there are many branches for pumping. It must be trimmed and forked. Most of the flower buds of eggplant differentiated at the seedling stage, and at the same time, the vegetative growth and reproductive growth were carried out at the seedling stage. During the true cross period (4 true leaf stage), it was the turning point of vegetative growth and reproductive growth. The branching and flowering habits of eggplant are quite regular, belonging to vegetables with continuous flowering and continuous results, and the flowering result period is very long. The whole growth period of eggplant is generally around 165d-182d. According to different fertility characteristics and cultivation management, it can be divided into three stages: germination stage, seedling stage and flowering result stage. The eggplant varieties of Lufeng County mainly include March eggplant, purple long eggplant, Alice, Daile black eggplant, roast eggplant, bamboo silk eggplant, color crops, etc. Among them, March eggplant and purple long eggplant are the main ones, accounting for eggplant planting in the county. 80%.
Second, the need for fertilizer characteristics
(1) Nutrient Absorption of Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium Eggplant has the characteristics of high water and large fertilizer, and is more resistant to fertilizer. It has high requirements for nitrogen fertilizer and high demand for phosphorus and potassium fertilizer. It is a chlorine crop. The growth and development of eggplant requires sufficient nitrogen and potassium, and phosphorus is less. The ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in the whole growth period is about 1:0.3:0.8. According to the characteristics of high absorption of eggplant and long growth period, it is necessary to absorb N 2.70-3.30kg, P2O5 0.70-0.94kg and K 2 O 4.70-5.10kg for each 1000kg of eggplant.
(II) Absorption of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium nutrients in different growth stages The growth period of eggplant is different, and the absorption of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium nutrients is also different. The absorption of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium by eggplant increased with the prolongation of growth period. In the seedling stage, the supply of phosphorus and potassium fertilizer is sufficient to promote the development of root system, thick basal leaves and increase flower bud differentiation. At the seedling stage, the absorption of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium nutrients is only 10% of the total; during the flowering period, the absorption of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium nutrients accounts for 90% of the total growth period, especially for a large amount of nitrogen and potassium. In order to fully supply the needs of fruit development and expansion, otherwise it will affect the formation of economic output.
Third, the scientific fertilization technology The cultivation of eggplant in the field is prohibited to use ammonia, ammonium bicarbonate, potassium chloride and other fertilizers. Eggplant fertilization must adhere to the application of chemical fertilizers on the basis of the application of organic fertilizer; the principle of combined application of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium. On the basis of applying the base fertilizer, the topdressing is done well. The base fertilizer is mainly phosphorus and potassium fertilizer; the topdressing fertilizer is mainly nitrogenous fertilizer, and the former is light and heavy, and is applied in the seedling stage, the early flowering stage and the Taiwan fruit expansion stage respectively. 10% of the total amount of topdressing is used for seedling fertilizer at the seedling stage, 20% for flowering at the early flowering stage, and 70% for fruit fertilizer application during the expansion period of the fruit. The application rate of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in the whole growth period is recommended to be N-P2O5-K2O=30-10-25.
(I) Application of organic fertilizer The fertilization amount per hm2 of the eggplant during the whole growth period is 30,000-37500 kg of decomposed and finely divided organic compost, which is applied as a base fertilizer at the time of land preparation.
(II) Reasonable determination of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium application The nitrogen fertilizer application rate per hm2 of eggplant during the whole growth period is 405-450 kg of pure nitrogen (N), 120-150 kg of phosphorus (P2O5) and 300-375 kg of potassium (K2O). Phosphate and potassium fertilizers are used as one-time application of base fertilizer; nitrogen fertilizer is applied in three times as top dressing, in which 10% of total fertilizer is used for seedling fertilizer, 20% for flowering at initial flowering stage, and 70% for fruit fertilizer during stage expansion of Taiwan fruit. .
1, base fertilizer. Before transplanting, 750-937.50 kg of superphosphate and 60-750 kg of potassium sulfate were used as bottom pond fertilizer per hm2.
2, topdressing. Each hm2 was applied in three portions with urea 880-978 kg. After the eggplant is planted for 10-15 days, the urea is applied with 88-97.80kg of urea per hm2 for watering; the eggplant is poured into the second top dressing with 176-195.60kg of urea per hm2 at the initial flowering stage; During the expansion period, 616-684.60 kg of urea per hm2 was poured into the third top dressing with water.
(III) Targeted application of micro-fertilizer According to the growth characteristics and fertilizer characteristics of eggplant, it is necessary to supplement the calcium fertilizer, and use 15-18 kg of calcium nitrate per hm2 as the base fertilizer.
(IV) Appropriate application of lime in acid fields The application of lime mainly plays a role in regulating soil pH, supplementing calcium fertilizer and soil disinfection, so as to facilitate the normal growth and development of eggplant and increase yield. Before the transplanting, the whole field was combined with 1000.50kg of lime powder per hm2 for one-time application.
(5) Spraying foliar-fermented eggplants requires timely supplementation of potassium in the fruiting stage, rapid nutrient supplementation by foliar application, and foliar application of 0.2%-0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate in the flowering and fruiting stages. Spray once every 7-10 days and spray continuously for 2-3 times.
(Agricultural Network)
Second, the need for fertilizer characteristics
(1) Nutrient Absorption of Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium Eggplant has the characteristics of high water and large fertilizer, and is more resistant to fertilizer. It has high requirements for nitrogen fertilizer and high demand for phosphorus and potassium fertilizer. It is a chlorine crop. The growth and development of eggplant requires sufficient nitrogen and potassium, and phosphorus is less. The ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in the whole growth period is about 1:0.3:0.8. According to the characteristics of high absorption of eggplant and long growth period, it is necessary to absorb N 2.70-3.30kg, P2O5 0.70-0.94kg and K 2 O 4.70-5.10kg for each 1000kg of eggplant.
(II) Absorption of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium nutrients in different growth stages The growth period of eggplant is different, and the absorption of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium nutrients is also different. The absorption of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium by eggplant increased with the prolongation of growth period. In the seedling stage, the supply of phosphorus and potassium fertilizer is sufficient to promote the development of root system, thick basal leaves and increase flower bud differentiation. At the seedling stage, the absorption of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium nutrients is only 10% of the total; during the flowering period, the absorption of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium nutrients accounts for 90% of the total growth period, especially for a large amount of nitrogen and potassium. In order to fully supply the needs of fruit development and expansion, otherwise it will affect the formation of economic output.
Third, the scientific fertilization technology The cultivation of eggplant in the field is prohibited to use ammonia, ammonium bicarbonate, potassium chloride and other fertilizers. Eggplant fertilization must adhere to the application of chemical fertilizers on the basis of the application of organic fertilizer; the principle of combined application of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium. On the basis of applying the base fertilizer, the topdressing is done well. The base fertilizer is mainly phosphorus and potassium fertilizer; the topdressing fertilizer is mainly nitrogenous fertilizer, and the former is light and heavy, and is applied in the seedling stage, the early flowering stage and the Taiwan fruit expansion stage respectively. 10% of the total amount of topdressing is used for seedling fertilizer at the seedling stage, 20% for flowering at the early flowering stage, and 70% for fruit fertilizer application during the expansion period of the fruit. The application rate of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in the whole growth period is recommended to be N-P2O5-K2O=30-10-25.
(I) Application of organic fertilizer The fertilization amount per hm2 of the eggplant during the whole growth period is 30,000-37500 kg of decomposed and finely divided organic compost, which is applied as a base fertilizer at the time of land preparation.
(II) Reasonable determination of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium application The nitrogen fertilizer application rate per hm2 of eggplant during the whole growth period is 405-450 kg of pure nitrogen (N), 120-150 kg of phosphorus (P2O5) and 300-375 kg of potassium (K2O). Phosphate and potassium fertilizers are used as one-time application of base fertilizer; nitrogen fertilizer is applied in three times as top dressing, in which 10% of total fertilizer is used for seedling fertilizer, 20% for flowering at initial flowering stage, and 70% for fruit fertilizer during stage expansion of Taiwan fruit. .
1, base fertilizer. Before transplanting, 750-937.50 kg of superphosphate and 60-750 kg of potassium sulfate were used as bottom pond fertilizer per hm2.
2, topdressing. Each hm2 was applied in three portions with urea 880-978 kg. After the eggplant is planted for 10-15 days, the urea is applied with 88-97.80kg of urea per hm2 for watering; the eggplant is poured into the second top dressing with 176-195.60kg of urea per hm2 at the initial flowering stage; During the expansion period, 616-684.60 kg of urea per hm2 was poured into the third top dressing with water.
(III) Targeted application of micro-fertilizer According to the growth characteristics and fertilizer characteristics of eggplant, it is necessary to supplement the calcium fertilizer, and use 15-18 kg of calcium nitrate per hm2 as the base fertilizer.
(IV) Appropriate application of lime in acid fields The application of lime mainly plays a role in regulating soil pH, supplementing calcium fertilizer and soil disinfection, so as to facilitate the normal growth and development of eggplant and increase yield. Before the transplanting, the whole field was combined with 1000.50kg of lime powder per hm2 for one-time application.
(5) Spraying foliar-fermented eggplants requires timely supplementation of potassium in the fruiting stage, rapid nutrient supplementation by foliar application, and foliar application of 0.2%-0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate in the flowering and fruiting stages. Spray once every 7-10 days and spray continuously for 2-3 times.
(Agricultural Network)
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