Xiang Xuelan Cultivation Tips:
Soil Preparation: Xiang Xuelan thrives in sandy loam soil that is rich in organic matter, has good water retention, and proper drainage with a pH between 6 and 7.2. Before planting, it's recommended to disinfect the soil using 6-10 grams of pentachloronitrobenzene per square meter, 50-70 grams of methyl bromide, and 8-12 grams of silane. After application, the soil should be leveled and sown every 5-7 days. In arid areas, the planting bed should be about 5 cm high, while in areas with high moisture or poor drainage, the bed should be 20-25 cm high.
Seed Preparation: The natural dormancy period of Xiang Xuelan bulbs can last up to 50-60 days. Once harvested, the bulbs should be stored at 28-31°C for 2-3 months to encourage germination, and they can remain dormant for up to 8 months at 13°C. To break dormancy effectively, it’s best to use a combination of high and low temperature treatments before planting.
Seed Selection: For cultivation, choose large bulbs with a diameter of at least 1 cm. To reduce virus infection risk, it's advisable to use detoxified tissue-cultured bulbs or newly grown seedlings. Tissue culture or seed-grown bulbs can develop into high-quality bulbs after 1-2 years of growth.
Seed Ball Pretreatment: Before planting, bulbs should be disinfected and treated to promote rooting. Soak them in a solution of 500-800 times diluted carbendazim or methyl thiophanate for 1-2 hours, then dry them. Root promotion should be done just before planting, ensuring roots are not too long to avoid damage during transplanting.
Planting: The optimal planting season is from September to October, followed by winter protection to ensure blooming from March to April. Proper planting techniques allow for controlled cultivation to achieve desired flowering times. Planting spacing varies depending on variety, bulb size, and season. A common spacing is 8cm x (10-14)cm, with 80-110 plants per square meter. Narrow-leaf varieties require denser planting than broad-leaf ones, and winter planting is more dense than summer. Small bulbs should be planted more densely than large ones. When planting, cover the bulbs with 2-3 cm of soil, avoiding excessive depth. After planting, a thin layer of peat, pine needles, straw, or sawdust can be used to keep the soil moist.
Fertilizer Management: Keep the soil moist after planting until germination. As the plant grows, gradually reduce watering to maintain dry soil surfaces, which helps prevent diseases. Organic and compound fertilizers applied before planting usually meet the plant's needs. If the plant shows weak growth, apply ammonium nitrate and urea when it has 2-4 leaves. At the start of flowering, use 0.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate for foliar feeding, but avoid top-dressing around bud formation.
Temperature Control: Temperature plays a crucial role in producing high-quality cut flowers. Flower buds typically differentiate about 6 weeks after planting, with smaller bulbs taking an additional 2-3 weeks. Avoid temperatures above 25°C or below 10°C during this period. From the 4-leaf stage, maintain a temperature of 13-14°C for over 4 weeks to support flower bud development, improving yield and quality. After flower buds appear, slightly increase the temperature to encourage blooming. To extend the flowering period, lower the temperature to around 15°C once the first flower opens. Greenhouses should be ventilated when temperatures exceed 25°C and insulated or heated when below 10°C.
Light Management: Provide appropriate shading during the seedling and flowering stages. Shading during the early leaf growth phase helps reduce ground temperature and promote root development. Short-day conditions (around 10 hours) before flower bud differentiation can enhance flower bud formation and increase the number of flowers. Extending sunlight after bud differentiation promotes healthy inflorescence development and earlier flowering. While Xiang Xuelan prefers light, avoid direct strong sunlight. Use a 70% transmittance shade cloth if light is too intense.
Staking: Xiang Xuelan stems are soft, and their inflorescences tend to droop, making staking necessary. Set up a net at the 3-4 leaf stage, starting about 25 cm above the ground. Add 2-3 layers of net as the plant grows. The net grid size is typically 10x10 cm or 10x15 cm.
Harvesting Cut Flowers: Harvest when the first small flower on the main stem begins to open. For long-distance transport, cut the first flower when it is partially open. Disinfect cutting tools with alcohol to prevent disease spread. Cut at the base of the main stem to allow lateral branches to produce secondary harvests. Ensure the cut flower length is over 55 cm. If the inflorescence is small or the stem is too short, remove side branches along with the main one. After cutting, bundle flowers by quality—10 or 20 stems per bundle—and wrap them in paper before placing in water or preservation liquid. Store in a cool, humid environment (1-2°C, 90% humidity) for up to 7 days. Pack 300-500 per box. Always leave at least two leaves on the plant after harvesting to support bulb development, usually after the leaves turn yellow.
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