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The purpose of the twisting machine is to process the yarn or the combined strand yarn into a linear product for weaving and knitting. The twisting machine is divided into a ring twisting machine, a wing ingot twisting machine and a double twisting machine. The winding forming mechanism of the ring twisting machine is mostly the same as that of the ring spinning machine. The steel collar plate is lifted and lowered by the forming cam, and the position is raised to a certain height after each lifting, so that the pipeline is wound into a conical cross-wound package. The main difference between the conventional fancy twisting machine and the general twisting machine is the yarn feeding portion. The types of spun yarns are different, and the structure and movement of the yarn feeding parts are also different.
In this issue, we will discuss the mechanism design of the fancy crochet twisting machine, the FA721 type twisting machine, the yarn breakage solution, the control system, etc., and hope to help the textile users to solve similar problems in production. .
In recent years, the production volume of fancy yarns, threads, wires and belts in China has increased geometrically. The application fields and post-processing methods have been changed from the original processing of knitwear to flat knitting machines. Crocheting, warp knitting, stitching and processing of fabrics and home decorations.
At present, there is no uniform fancy yarn classification method in the world. According to the different processing methods, it can be roughly divided into the following categories: fancy lines processed by ordinary spinning systems, such as chain lines; colored yarns processed by dyeing method. Lines, such as rainbow lines; fancy lines processed with fancy twisting machines, which have a wide variety of them, such as the difference in the feed speed of core and trim, can be processed spiral; there are special forms of fancy lines Such as the chenille line and so on. Here, we will focus on the design of a professional production equipment for the production of 2-needle, 4-needle and other multi-needle or cored wire and knotted wire – the fancy nodule crocheting machine.
Reasonable configuration to solve the problem of old machine transformation
The fancy crocheting line is formed by entanglement of the yarn input through the tongue for a fixed position. If the crochet crochet forms a symmetrical center of the trajectory or performs intermittent tension control during the feeding process of the yarn, A core crochet line or a fancy nodule crochet line is formed. In order to avoid the irregular yam, yarn blocking or broken needle on the surface of the crocheting line and affect the normal production, the fancy crocheting line should be formed accurately and stably, and no vibration phenomenon can occur during the running. After the fancy crocheting line is formed, a certain package form should be derived from the crochet area, and the tension and twist should be ensured during the export process. In addition, a reasonable guide yarn form should be provided in the winding device so that the formed package is uniformly uncompressed and easily unwound.
In the production process of the crochet line, if yarn breakage occurs, a reasonable yarn breakage stop mechanism should be set to stop the crocheting and winding parts to prevent damage to the machine; winding at the yarn feeding end and crochet line A reasonable tension control member should be set at the end; in addition, the air ring generated by the high-speed rotation of the yarn should be reasonably controlled to prevent the adjacent yarn loop from colliding and being broken.
In the process of transforming the old machine that produced the 4-needle line in the past, the following problems mainly existed: the surface roughness of the crochet cam is high, and there is a needle-blocking phenomenon when the tongue is running at a high speed; the guide groove and the set screw are used to control the cam position, due to the gap, For the difficult and easy to shift the card needle; the upper and lower cam gaps cannot be guaranteed; the initial crochet position of the tongue is tested in the single spindle during the assembly process, and the assembly adjustment time is long.
Currently, there are two types of transmissions in the semi-mechanized production of the crocheting device on the market: one is the crochet core ingot rotation, and the other is the crochet housing rotation. The crochet core ingot rotation will rotate along with the core ingot every time the looping process is performed, so a twist will be generated on the formed crochet line; the driving core ingot has a small turning arm and a small inertia force. In the case of the belt drive, if the yarn jam occurs, the belt will slip and the needle will be damaged. The crocheted shell rotates in the form of a grooved mechanism, and the filament-like crocheted line with a relatively smooth appearance is liable to cause insufficient winding friction; the outer casing has a large transmission arm, large inertia force, and easy to break the needle. Based on the above analysis, the transmission form of the crochet head is selected by the crochet core ingot rotation. On the basis of this, the internal structure of the crochet head is improved, and the forming speed is selected to select a reasonable winding device and winding speed. control.
Because the crocheting device selects the movement mode of the crochet core ingot rotation, the winding device adopts the spindle transmission mode that rotates coaxially with the core ingot, and the steering and rotation speed of the spindle should be the same as that of the crochet core ingot, so that the crocheting line During the derivation process, the knuckle end and the winding end do not produce the twist at the same speed.
The choice of tension control device. The guiding part of the yarn needs to keep the introduced yarn in a certain position, so that the needle can smoothly introduce the yarn into the weaving area and have a certain tension during the weaving process. Therefore, a tension control device should be installed at the yarn guiding end.
The choice of yarn breakage stop device. The yarn breakage self-stop mechanism is divided into mechanical and electronic types. In order to improve the automation degree of the equipment, the structure is simple and reliable, and the electronic type is selected. After the machine experiment, it is finally determined that the yarn breakage is set at the crochet line export end.
Analysis and determination of transmission structure
The movement of each part of the device should be coordinated and reliable, and the following aspects are mainly considered in the process of determining the plan.
The crocheting head ingot movement and the winding device spindle movement adopt the same transmission structure, so that the moving direction and the rotation speed of the two parts are the same. The transmission source of the crocheting movement and the winding motion should be connected with the yarn breaking self-stop mechanism, and the single spindle control is adopted to ensure that the two parts of the movement are stopped at the same time when the yarn is broken. The winding guide member adopts the independent running mechanism in the form of the twisting machine and the spinning frame, which is not affected by other mechanisms, and can ensure that the yarn guiding movement of each spindle is consistent and stable, and the control is easy. The structural speed adjustment and clutching of each structure are considered to be electrical control, which simplifies the mechanical structure and is reliable in operation.
The overall design of the fancy nodule crocheting machine is divided into two parts, one is the design of the crochet head drive and the winding spindle drive, and the other is the design of the steel collar plate lifting mechanism and transmission.
Hook head drive and winding spindle drive design. The original transmission process has the following problems: each spindle is equipped with a motor, which has high cost and high power consumption; the slot drive is used to stop the motor when the yarn breaks, and the groove part needs to be stopped overall, the crochet head and the winding bobbin The brake cannot be synchronized, which affects the productivity; the smoothness of the yarn causes relative slip between the bobbin and the drum, the quality of the package is affected, and the winding tension is unstable. In order to make the transmission structure reasonable and reliable, the dragon belt transmission structure of the traditional twisting machine is adopted in the equipment, and only one motor is used to drive a plurality of spindles, and the crochet core spindle and the winding spindle are synchronously driven by the electromagnetic clutch, each group The crochet and the winding device do not affect each other and are controlled separately.
The belt is driven by the motor pulley fixed on the motor shaft, and the belt is driven by the friction belt to drive the belt transmission wheel and the clutch main transmission shaft fixed thereon. If the electromagnetic clutch is energized, the upper box transmission shaft is driven by the clutch and The main transmission wheel rotates, and then the flat belt drive transmits the motion to the crochet head and the winding spindle through the upper and lower transition transmission wheels. When the yarn breakage device detects the yarn breakage, the clutch is de-energized by the electric control part, and the crochet part and the spindle are stopped at the same time, and the broken yarn is connected, and then the switch of the crochet head can be sent. Electric to the clutch, crochet head and spindle restart work. In order to maintain a certain transmission friction, in addition to the tension of the belt, the belt must maintain a certain wrap angle. Considering the transmission structure, the dragon belt can be wrapped around the belt to ensure the wrap angle, and the adjacent two sets of crochet heads and the winding spindle are turned opposite.
Winding guide mechanism transmission design
In order to obtain a reasonable package structure for the winding bobbin, a steel collar lifting and lowering guide mechanism is adopted, and different package spiral pitches are achieved by controlling the variation law of the lifting speed.
The lifting motor adopts a cycloidal speed reducing motor, and realizes the positive and negative rotation and the rotation speed adjustment through the PLC control circuit, thereby achieving the control of the yarn guiding stroke and the yarn guiding speed for different package requirements.
The output shaft end of the lifting motor is mounted with a lead screw, and the screw rotating to drive the nut corresponding thereto moves along the axis of the screw. Each time the screw rotates, the lifting pulley and the lifting rod are moved in the horizontal direction by the nut, and the lifting rod is installed again. The lifting belt and the steel collar lifting frame drive the steel collar to move the same distance along the axis of the spindle. In this way, the speed of the motor is adjusted to obtain different speeds of the steel collar.
The yarn guide stroke is determined by counting the number of turns of the lead screw by the photoelectric encoder mounted on one end of the screw. The number of turns of the screw is fed back to the electrical control device PLC. When the lead screw reaches the set number of turns, the PLC will rotate the motor in the opposite direction by judging and controlling, so as to realize the lifting movement of the steel collar plate, and the motion track is in accordance with the winding forming requirements. Implement program control.
The axial matching surface of the upper and lower casings of the clutch has a certain taper, which can be automatically centered when mated, and the bearing mounting hole and the matching cone surface have higher coaxiality requirements when the upper and lower casings are processed, so that the upper and lower casings are The installation ensures the concentricity of the mounting holes of the upper and lower bearings. The positioning sleeve is used in the assembly process to correct the installation position of the clutch base to ensure the correct installation position of the clutch.
The crocheting and winding component transmission is controlled by the electromagnetic clutch to realize the flexible independent control of the crocheting head. The yarn breaking process does not require the whole machine to stop, the mechanical structure of the whole machine is simpler, the detection clutching performance is more stable and reliable, and the clutching time is short. The operation is simple and flexible, and the production efficiency is improved.
The steel collar lifting movement uses a separate motor as the power source, and transmits the movement through the screw nut and the lifting belt, which simplifies the cumbersome lifting structure on the conventional twisting machine. The speed and direction of the steel collar plate are controlled by the PLC to control the inverter parameters to drive the motor to achieve the speed and direction change. The adjustment is convenient, and the parameter values ​​can be arbitrarily set according to different package requirements, which is convenient and flexible.
The whole machine adopts the dragon belt transmission structure on the traditional twisting machine. The electromagnetic clutch is used to control the crocheting and winding spindle rotation and disconnection separately. The structure is compact and the starting is stable. If the overload belt slips, the mechanical structure can be avoided and the bobbin can be replaced. Or the yarn break start can be started and stopped by each set of independent switches.
We have improved the structure and processing technology of the crochet head, so that the end face is reliable, the assembly adjustment is easy, the needle movement is flexible, and the phenomenon of jumping needle and broken needle is avoided. Four guide yarn porcelain nozzles are arranged on the yarn guiding rod, and the core wire and the crochet wire can be respectively threaded, and the upper and lower positions can be adjusted before the crocheting to facilitate the adjustment and operation of the wire.
In order to ensure the tension of the yarn input end is stable, the yarn vibration amount is small, the yarn breakage self-stop part is set at the yarn output end below the crochet head, and the tension control device is installed at the yarn input end to ensure the input yarn tension is stable. . When the yarn breakage is connected, it is controlled by a separate crochet head button switch, and the control signal is input to the PLC to realize the action of the electromagnetic clutch.
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