Engineering ceramics is an engineering material that has been rapidly developed in recent years. Due to its high strength, high hardness, high temperature resistance, corrosion resistance, low density, low expansion coefficient and other special functions, it is used in energy technology, aerospace technology, computer technology, and ocean. Applications in the sectors of technology development, automotive manufacturing and petrochemicals are increasingly showing their broad prospects for development. Sintered ceramic blanks must be machined for application because of their high precision and small tolerances. Only diamond grinding wheels are required to meet this requirement.
Recently, although developed countries have researched and developed cutting methods for diamond tools with fine ceramic materials, they have high requirements on machine tool rigidity and have not yet been fully practical. Despite the high price, difficult dressing and low grinding efficiency of diamond wheels, grinding methods are still widely used in production.
Grinding ceramics with diamond wheels is not only a trend in ceramic processing, but also a new trend in the field of grinding. Grinding surface quality is one of the important contents of grinding. When engineering ceramics as structural parts, which qualified machining tolerances and surface roughness is essential. Although the properties and defects of the material have a decisive influence on the strength, good surface quality can reduce the surface defects to a minimum, and it is important for many aspects such as reliability, friction and wear, contact stiffness and contact strength. effect. The greater the roughness, the smaller the bending resistance. Therefore, surface roughness has always been one of the indicators for measuring the quality of parts. Tests have shown that the ceramic surface also undergoes plastic deformation under certain processing conditions, which indicates that the ceramic material is likely to obtain a reliable surface quality by mechanical processing.
According to Japanese experts, the processing technology of new materials represented by new ceramic materials will become the basic technology of the next generation industry. Therefore, grinding processing represented by ceramics, silicon wafers, etc. has gradually become the focus of research in the grinding industry of various countries. A number of specially equipped or optional diamond wheel grinders have emerged.
In the research of grinding engineering ceramics, Japan has developed many new diamond grinding wheels this year, for example, cast iron bonded diamond grinding wheels, also known as CIB-D grinding wheels, which can grind ceramics with high efficiency, especially for processing high-density oxidation. When aluminum and silicon oxide are used, the machining center is like a machined metal, and the surface is smoothed up to several micrometers. The high-density diamond wheel is used to grind the Si4N3 pad to obtain a wear of up to 15 mm3/min. rate.
It can be seen that the machining of engineering ceramics is an important market for diamond tools. In 1991, the value of engineering ceramics on the world market was $12.5 billion, of which only 15% of electrical ceramics or electronic ceramics required diamond tools.
The use of engineering ceramics is mainly concentrated in: US$4.8 billion and Japan's US$4.2 billion. The consumption of ceramic diamond tools is US$49.9 million in the US, US$36 million in Japan, and US$27 million in Europe and other countries (of which Germany is about half).
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