Ganoderma lucidum is a valuable Chinese medicinal material. In recent years, the production of Ganoderma lucidum has developed rapidly. However, in the cultivation of Ganoderma lucidum, the pollution caused by the bacteria is often caused to varying degrees. Among them, Trichoderma viride is the most frequent occurrence and damage degree. All stages can occur. Trichoderma viride widely exists in various organic substances and soils in nature, and often floats in the air in the form of conidia. It is highly adaptable, especially on nutrient-rich substrates, and spreads rapidly. It can compete with cultivated Ganoderma lucidum mycelium to nourish nutrients, consume nutrients, and also secrete toxins to destroy the cytoplasm of Ganoderma lucidum hyphae, inhibit the growth of Ganoderma lucidum hyphae, and seriously affect the yield and quality of Ganoderma lucidum. It is the focus of disease prevention and control in Ganoderma lucidum cultivation. In the cultivation in recent years, we have taken measures based on prevention and assisted treatment, and achieved good results.
First, select Ganoderma lucidum varieties with good anti-hepatibility and strong mycelial growth potential. The selection of high-quality Ganoderma lucidum varieties is the key to successful cultivation. Varieties with good disease resistance and strong growth potential are not easily infected by Trichoderma viride.
Second, strictly select the cultivation species. The selected strains require pure seed, the hyphae has strong viability, the hyphae are white, dense, strong, and suitable for the age of the bacteria, preventing the strains from being brought into the green Trichoderma.
Third, do a good job in the cleanliness of the cultivation environment. In the mushroom house, the bacteria residue and garbage should be removed, the cultivation frame should be thoroughly cleaned, and the space should be disinfected to eliminate the hidden spots of the bacteria to reduce the vector. Doing a good job of environmental sanitation can have a multiplier effect on preventing pollution.
Fourth, strict selection of materials. The culture material requires fresh, no mildew, and it should be exposed to the sun for several days before use. The formula of the culture material should be reasonable. The main material and auxiliary materials should be well mixed. The water content should be controlled at 60%-70%. The volume is suitable and the tightness is moderate. Immediately after the high pressure or atmospheric pressure sterilization, to prevent acidification of the medium. Sterilization requirements are thorough.
5. Establish strict sterility in vaccination. Because the spores of Trichoderma viride are floating everywhere in the air, they cannot be paralyzed because they are invisible to the naked eye. The hands and clothes of the operator and the inoculation tools and materials used must be strictly disinfected. If the inoculation room is used, the operator should wear it. Hat to prevent spores of Trichoderma viride on the hair. The inoculation should be as quick and skilled as possible to prevent the introduction of miscellaneous bacteria and spores during the inoculation process. The damaged bag during the sterilization process is sealed with a tape and disinfected with 75% alcohol at the seal.
Sixth, appropriate increase in inoculum, so that Ganoderma lucidum hyphae can quickly occupy the site with absolute advantage, reduce the pollution of bacteria, play a role in mushroom inhibition.
Seventh, to ensure that the cultivation room has a suitable microclimate, and the cultivation of good hyphae. Control the temperature around 25 °C, 60%-70% humidity, pay attention to ventilation and ventilation, prevent high temperature and high humidity, create the most suitable environmental conditions for the growth of Ganoderma lucidum mycelium, promote the rapid growth of Ganoderma lucidum mycelium, and quickly occupy the entire surface.
8. Grasp the training and management of the Zhizhi stage. The cultivation of Ganoderma lucidum in Zhejiang is generally carried out in the spring. The time of emergence is exactly the high temperature season in June and July. The growth stage of the fruiting body is an important period for controlling the contamination of Trichoderma viride. After the original base of Ganoderma lucidum grows, it is necessary to remove the cotton plug or open the bag in time to avoid the infection of the original primordial root and infect the green Trichoderma. Do a good job of heat preservation and moisturizing, while strengthening ventilation and giving a certain amount of light, so that the primordium grows into a fruiting body and the fruiting body is harvested in time.
9. Strengthen early prevention and control. Regularly check the growth. Once the pollution is found, effective measures should be taken to control the growth and spread of Trichoderma viride. If the surface of the mycelium is found to have green Trichoderma contamination, use lime water to scrub the affected area, or use lime slurry to seal it, or inject 5% lime acid solution; if the fruiting body is infected with Trichoderma viride, it should be removed in time. Anti-spread. In order to effectively control the contamination of Trichoderma viride in cultivation, it is also possible to use some high-efficiency, low-toxic, low-residue fungicides for mixing or treatment, but be careful when using fungicides to avoid killing hyphae, or Cause pesticide residues. The author used five kinds of fungicides with good control effect on fruits and vegetables - carbendazim, copper hydroxide, harvest pure, chlorothalonil, and anti-virus to test the growth of Trichoderma viride in Ganoderma lucidum, and found carbendazim and harvest pure In the range of 400-1500 times dilution, the inhibitory effect on Trichoderma viride was very good, followed by chlorothalonil, but also inhibited the growth of Ganoderma lucidum mycelium, and the use of 0.35 g / L of copper hydroxide can effectively inhibit The growth of Trichoderma viride has no effect on the growth of Ganoderma lucidum hyphae.
First, select Ganoderma lucidum varieties with good anti-hepatibility and strong mycelial growth potential. The selection of high-quality Ganoderma lucidum varieties is the key to successful cultivation. Varieties with good disease resistance and strong growth potential are not easily infected by Trichoderma viride.
Second, strictly select the cultivation species. The selected strains require pure seed, the hyphae has strong viability, the hyphae are white, dense, strong, and suitable for the age of the bacteria, preventing the strains from being brought into the green Trichoderma.
Third, do a good job in the cleanliness of the cultivation environment. In the mushroom house, the bacteria residue and garbage should be removed, the cultivation frame should be thoroughly cleaned, and the space should be disinfected to eliminate the hidden spots of the bacteria to reduce the vector. Doing a good job of environmental sanitation can have a multiplier effect on preventing pollution.
Fourth, strict selection of materials. The culture material requires fresh, no mildew, and it should be exposed to the sun for several days before use. The formula of the culture material should be reasonable. The main material and auxiliary materials should be well mixed. The water content should be controlled at 60%-70%. The volume is suitable and the tightness is moderate. Immediately after the high pressure or atmospheric pressure sterilization, to prevent acidification of the medium. Sterilization requirements are thorough.
5. Establish strict sterility in vaccination. Because the spores of Trichoderma viride are floating everywhere in the air, they cannot be paralyzed because they are invisible to the naked eye. The hands and clothes of the operator and the inoculation tools and materials used must be strictly disinfected. If the inoculation room is used, the operator should wear it. Hat to prevent spores of Trichoderma viride on the hair. The inoculation should be as quick and skilled as possible to prevent the introduction of miscellaneous bacteria and spores during the inoculation process. The damaged bag during the sterilization process is sealed with a tape and disinfected with 75% alcohol at the seal.
Sixth, appropriate increase in inoculum, so that Ganoderma lucidum hyphae can quickly occupy the site with absolute advantage, reduce the pollution of bacteria, play a role in mushroom inhibition.
Seventh, to ensure that the cultivation room has a suitable microclimate, and the cultivation of good hyphae. Control the temperature around 25 °C, 60%-70% humidity, pay attention to ventilation and ventilation, prevent high temperature and high humidity, create the most suitable environmental conditions for the growth of Ganoderma lucidum mycelium, promote the rapid growth of Ganoderma lucidum mycelium, and quickly occupy the entire surface.
8. Grasp the training and management of the Zhizhi stage. The cultivation of Ganoderma lucidum in Zhejiang is generally carried out in the spring. The time of emergence is exactly the high temperature season in June and July. The growth stage of the fruiting body is an important period for controlling the contamination of Trichoderma viride. After the original base of Ganoderma lucidum grows, it is necessary to remove the cotton plug or open the bag in time to avoid the infection of the original primordial root and infect the green Trichoderma. Do a good job of heat preservation and moisturizing, while strengthening ventilation and giving a certain amount of light, so that the primordium grows into a fruiting body and the fruiting body is harvested in time.
9. Strengthen early prevention and control. Regularly check the growth. Once the pollution is found, effective measures should be taken to control the growth and spread of Trichoderma viride. If the surface of the mycelium is found to have green Trichoderma contamination, use lime water to scrub the affected area, or use lime slurry to seal it, or inject 5% lime acid solution; if the fruiting body is infected with Trichoderma viride, it should be removed in time. Anti-spread. In order to effectively control the contamination of Trichoderma viride in cultivation, it is also possible to use some high-efficiency, low-toxic, low-residue fungicides for mixing or treatment, but be careful when using fungicides to avoid killing hyphae, or Cause pesticide residues. The author used five kinds of fungicides with good control effect on fruits and vegetables - carbendazim, copper hydroxide, harvest pure, chlorothalonil, and anti-virus to test the growth of Trichoderma viride in Ganoderma lucidum, and found carbendazim and harvest pure In the range of 400-1500 times dilution, the inhibitory effect on Trichoderma viride was very good, followed by chlorothalonil, but also inhibited the growth of Ganoderma lucidum mycelium, and the use of 0.35 g / L of copper hydroxide can effectively inhibit The growth of Trichoderma viride has no effect on the growth of Ganoderma lucidum hyphae.
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