The reporter learned yesterday that a research team composed of scientists from five scientific research and medical institutions at home and abroad, such as the Shanghai Jiao Tong University System Biomedical Research Institute, has made significant progress in the study of the relationship between intestinal flora and human health after three years of joint research. The researchers analyzed the composition of the intestinal microflora and the human metabolic characteristics of seven members of a four-generation Chinese family and identified some important bacteria involved in the metabolic processes of the human gut. His research results were recently published in the "Academic Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences," an authoritative international academic magazine.
Tens of billions of bacteria living in the intestines of the human body are collectively referred to as "intestinal flora," and they are inseparably linked to the human body. The composition of the intestinal flora affects everyone’s health. The study found that the disorder of intestinal flora is related to many diseases such as diabetes and obesity. Diet, medication, and environmental factors can affect the composition of the individual's gut flora.
The intestinal microflora can participate in many metabolic processes in the human body. However, which bacteria are playing an important role and which metabolic pathways are specifically affected, people do not understand this enough. Because it is very difficult to observe the subtle interactions between the human body and the flora in a living human body. On the one hand, there are a large number of gut microbiota, many species, and the vast majority have not yet been cultivated by humans; on the other hand, the quantitative detection of large quantities of metabolites in human urine is also a technical problem. In recent years, the development of techniques from the genome to the metabolome has provided new means for solving the aforementioned problems.
The Shanghai Jiao Tong University Institute of Systematic Biology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, the Imperial College of England, the National Human Genome Research Center for the South, and the Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics of the Chinese Academy of Sciences scientists from five scientific research and medical institutions to form a multidisciplinary research team . The researchers used genomic technology to comprehensively and in-depth portray the composition of the gut microbiota of the seven Chinese family members. They found that although they belong to the same family, their genetic backgrounds are related to each other, and their living environment is similar, each individual still has its own characteristics. The structure characteristics of the intestinal flora. At the same time, it was also found that the structure of the gut microbiota of the Chinese people is significantly different from that of Americans. This shows that when comparing the risk of various diseases in two countries, in addition to considering genetic differences, differences in gut microbiota must also be considered. .
At the same time, the researchers used metabolomics technology to analyze the composition of the metabolites in human urine, and initially found that certain specific bacteria in the intestinal tract had a significant correlation with certain metabolites in human urine, indicating that these intestinal bacteria were Health is particularly important. For example, a “friendly†bacterium belonging to the family Clostridium perfringens in the human intestine is related to eight metabolites in the human body, indicating that this bacterium has an important role in participating in various metabolic processes in the host.
The new research results will help people fully understand how different intestinal bacteria affect the body's metabolic processes, such as how to convert food into energy and how to maintain cell survival. In the future, people can also use the molecular markers of intestinal flora to diagnose the degree of normal metabolism in humans or the degree of deviation; drugs that target intestinal bacteria can be invented to correct the disordered bacterial structure and treat many diseases.
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