Kazuo County is located in the western part of Liaoning Province. It is a typical semi-arid area with a frost-free period of 140-150 days. The annual average rainfall is 400-500mm. It mainly uses rain to raise farmers. For several years, the development of plastic film mulching has made agricultural development in our region. A huge contribution. However, due to problems with topdressing crops in topdressing, one is highly wet and dry during topdressing, and the operation is extremely inconvenient, labor-intensive and time-consuming; on the other hand, deep application, most of the nitrogen loss of nitrogen can not be achieved, and the high yield of crops cannot be met. , stable production needs. In order to solve these problems, simplify the fertilization method, improve the fertilizer utilization rate, reduce the cost, and further exert the yield-increasing effect of the plastic film covering, we introduced a new nitrogen fertilizer, long-acting ammonium bicarbonate, in 1997, and covered the crops on different plastic film. Conduct experiments, demonstrations, and research work. Through three years of experiments and demonstrations, the results prove that long-acting ammonium bicarbonate and the most reasonable fertilization method for covering crops with different plastic film, the technology was recognized by farmers in the year of introduction. In the past three years, the county has promoted and applied 6667hm2 in the film mulching, and achieved remarkable economic and social benefits.
1. Reasons for increasing production of long-acting ammonium bicarbonate
1.1 Reduced nitrogen loss and improved nitrogen utilization. Since long carbon contains a latent curing agent, it can promote NH4+ solidification on the surface of soil colloidal clay after being applied to the soil. In addition, the chemical itself is a fungicide, which inhibits soil nitrifying bacteria and prevents nitrous oxide. Nitrogen formation, therefore, reduces nitrogen volatilization and leaching losses. It has been determined that nitrogen utilization is as high as 45%, 20-25% higher than normal carbon, and 10% higher than urea.
1.2 prolonged the fertilizer efficiency period and promoted the growth and development of crops. It has been determined that the long-acting ammonium bicarbonate fertilizer has a long-term effect of 90-110 days, 60 times longer than the total carbon, and more than 30 days longer than urea. According to the trial, demonstration and promotion of three years, the cotton with long-acting ammonium bicarbonate showed the growth period from the beginning of the bud, the bud period was 6-7 days earlier than the control, and the flowering period was 7-10 days earlier than the control. Sitting on the peach early, increasing the number of Fuqian peach and Futao, and increasing the yield and quality of cotton. In the application of mulch wheat, compared with the application of nitrogen and urea, long carbon can make the wheat early flowering and promote early maturity, and the heading flower is 5-7 days earlier than the control.
1.3 delay aging, increase chlorophyll content, prolong photosynthesis time, and promote dry matter accumulation. Because the topdressing-free fertilizer avoids the artificial mechanical damage to the crop leaves during the whole growth period of the crop, the normal photosynthesis of the leaves is ensured, and the bottom fat feet and fertilizer are long. During the whole growth period, the plants show green color and live.秧 Mature. In the experiment, the chlorophyll content of the heading and flowering stage was 1.42% higher than that of the control, and the average weight of the single stem and air dryness was 1.75g ​​during the flag-raising period, and the dry weight of the single stem was 2.54g during the filling stage, which was 0.06g and 0.13g more than the control.
1.4 The root system is developed, the individual is robust, and the ability to resist drought and lodging is increased. Due to the one-time application of long carbon as the base fertilizer, the purpose of deep application has been achieved, the nitrogen loss has been reduced, and the roots of the crops have been absorbed and utilized in time. The demilitarized zone has deep roots and leaves. The amount of urea in the nitrogen is 15%-25%, and the secondary roots are 2-4 more than the control, which expands the absorption range, makes the individual grow stronger and strengthens the drought resistance and lodging resistance. It has been proved by experiments that the tillering rate of wheat tiller can be significantly increased, and the effective panicle number is increased by 11% compared with the control. The average height of corn plants was 5-10 cm higher than that of the control, and the average basal stem was 0.5 cm larger than that of the control. The average number of fruit branches per plant was increased by 0.7 compared with the control, and the average plant height was increased by 7.2 cm compared with the control.
1.5 Increase the yield component and increase crop yield. A sufficient amount of nitrogen not only increased the effective panicle number of wheat, but also satisfied the supply of nitrogen to the crop during the late growth period, increased the number of grains per panicle, and increased the 1000-grain weight. After comparison test, the average number of grains per panicle was increased by 2-4 grains compared with the control, the average 1000-grain weight was 39.8g higher than the control by 0.8g, and the yield was increased by 11.2%. The average grain number per panicle was 675.0, which was 46.2 higher than the control. The average grain weight was 35.1g, which was 0.1g higher than the control. The average yield of corn was 781.9kg, which was 77.8kg, which was 72.8kg higher than the control 709.7kg, and the yield increased by 10.3%. The average number of bolls per plant was 0.3 higher than that of the control. The average single boll weight was 0.01g higher than the control and the yield was increased by 7%.
2, application technology
2.1 Application technology on mulch cotton, corn and peanut.
2.1.1 Soil preparation and application of base fertilizer. Before planting, the fields that were plunged into the winter. A sufficient amount of high-quality farmyard manure can be applied per 667m2, and it can be applied.
2.1.2 ridges to make Taiwan, Shi Chang carbon. In the middle of the two rows of crops to be planted, plow the deep trenches 15-20cm, apply 60-70kg long-acting ammonium bicarbonate and 10kg of diammonium phosphate, then plow the ridges and apply the fertilizer strips in the planting ditch. Finally, the soil is overwhelmed, and the repair is flat and ready for planting. When planting, apply the fertilizer according to the normal amount of fertilizer, sowing, covering the soil and covering the membrane.
2.2 Application technology on mulch wheat
After the crop is harvested, combine the autumn tillage, mix the sufficient amount of farmyard manure and long-acting ammonium bicarbonate 60-70kg, spread it on the surface, turn it into the depth of 20cm underground, then fine, flatten, simmer, winter irrigation, In the early spring of the second year, the film is planted with a film-seeding machine at the right time, and 667m2 is applied with 20kg of fertilizer diammonium, which is no longer topdressing during the whole growth period.
2.3 Precautions for application.
2.3.1 When long-acting ammonium bicarbonate is used as top dressing, it should be topdressed early to prevent the release of fertilizer effect or the crops to be late.
2.3.2 When long-acting ammonium bicarbonate is used as the base fertilizer, the spacing of the fertilizer should be used to prevent burning and burning.
2.3.3 Long-acting ammonium bicarbonate only meets the crop's need for nitrogen. Phosphate, potassium and trace element fertilizers are still applied as normal.
3. Promotion value
3.1 Long-acting ammonium bicarbonate has a significant effect on promoting crop growth and development, yield and quality. After three years of experiments, the yield increase of field crops is 6%-12%.
3.2 ammonium bicarbonate fertilizer efficiency of long, slow release of nutrients, but also with fertilizer requirement rules of crops are in good agreement, lasting fertilizer to meet crop yield, stable need for nitrogen.
3.3 and fertilizer. Shi ammonium bicarbonate 60-70kg calculated 667m2, 667m2 cost 33-39 membered, nitrogen and the like topdressing urea need 25kg, 667m2 37-42 membered cost, so Shi ammonium bicarbonate, fertilizer cost savings 667m2 3-4 membered .
3.4 provincial workers. As the fertilizer avoid, reduce the work intensity, saving a lot of labor force and editing. Generally, 667m2 can save 2-3 man-hours, and 667m2 can save 30-40 yuan of working hours (calculated by 15 yuan per working hour).
3.5 is the ideal fertilizer for free farming. By combining with herbicides, it provides favorable conditions for free farming and mechanized agriculture.
Author: Zou Tian Hu Xiurong Dai Xinwen
(Agricultural Technology Promotion Center of Kazuo County, Liaoning Province, 122300)
Excerpt from "Beijing Agriculture"
1. Reasons for increasing production of long-acting ammonium bicarbonate
1.1 Reduced nitrogen loss and improved nitrogen utilization. Since long carbon contains a latent curing agent, it can promote NH4+ solidification on the surface of soil colloidal clay after being applied to the soil. In addition, the chemical itself is a fungicide, which inhibits soil nitrifying bacteria and prevents nitrous oxide. Nitrogen formation, therefore, reduces nitrogen volatilization and leaching losses. It has been determined that nitrogen utilization is as high as 45%, 20-25% higher than normal carbon, and 10% higher than urea.
1.2 prolonged the fertilizer efficiency period and promoted the growth and development of crops. It has been determined that the long-acting ammonium bicarbonate fertilizer has a long-term effect of 90-110 days, 60 times longer than the total carbon, and more than 30 days longer than urea. According to the trial, demonstration and promotion of three years, the cotton with long-acting ammonium bicarbonate showed the growth period from the beginning of the bud, the bud period was 6-7 days earlier than the control, and the flowering period was 7-10 days earlier than the control. Sitting on the peach early, increasing the number of Fuqian peach and Futao, and increasing the yield and quality of cotton. In the application of mulch wheat, compared with the application of nitrogen and urea, long carbon can make the wheat early flowering and promote early maturity, and the heading flower is 5-7 days earlier than the control.
1.3 delay aging, increase chlorophyll content, prolong photosynthesis time, and promote dry matter accumulation. Because the topdressing-free fertilizer avoids the artificial mechanical damage to the crop leaves during the whole growth period of the crop, the normal photosynthesis of the leaves is ensured, and the bottom fat feet and fertilizer are long. During the whole growth period, the plants show green color and live.秧 Mature. In the experiment, the chlorophyll content of the heading and flowering stage was 1.42% higher than that of the control, and the average weight of the single stem and air dryness was 1.75g ​​during the flag-raising period, and the dry weight of the single stem was 2.54g during the filling stage, which was 0.06g and 0.13g more than the control.
1.4 The root system is developed, the individual is robust, and the ability to resist drought and lodging is increased. Due to the one-time application of long carbon as the base fertilizer, the purpose of deep application has been achieved, the nitrogen loss has been reduced, and the roots of the crops have been absorbed and utilized in time. The demilitarized zone has deep roots and leaves. The amount of urea in the nitrogen is 15%-25%, and the secondary roots are 2-4 more than the control, which expands the absorption range, makes the individual grow stronger and strengthens the drought resistance and lodging resistance. It has been proved by experiments that the tillering rate of wheat tiller can be significantly increased, and the effective panicle number is increased by 11% compared with the control. The average height of corn plants was 5-10 cm higher than that of the control, and the average basal stem was 0.5 cm larger than that of the control. The average number of fruit branches per plant was increased by 0.7 compared with the control, and the average plant height was increased by 7.2 cm compared with the control.
1.5 Increase the yield component and increase crop yield. A sufficient amount of nitrogen not only increased the effective panicle number of wheat, but also satisfied the supply of nitrogen to the crop during the late growth period, increased the number of grains per panicle, and increased the 1000-grain weight. After comparison test, the average number of grains per panicle was increased by 2-4 grains compared with the control, the average 1000-grain weight was 39.8g higher than the control by 0.8g, and the yield was increased by 11.2%. The average grain number per panicle was 675.0, which was 46.2 higher than the control. The average grain weight was 35.1g, which was 0.1g higher than the control. The average yield of corn was 781.9kg, which was 77.8kg, which was 72.8kg higher than the control 709.7kg, and the yield increased by 10.3%. The average number of bolls per plant was 0.3 higher than that of the control. The average single boll weight was 0.01g higher than the control and the yield was increased by 7%.
2, application technology
2.1 Application technology on mulch cotton, corn and peanut.
2.1.1 Soil preparation and application of base fertilizer. Before planting, the fields that were plunged into the winter. A sufficient amount of high-quality farmyard manure can be applied per 667m2, and it can be applied.
2.1.2 ridges to make Taiwan, Shi Chang carbon. In the middle of the two rows of crops to be planted, plow the deep trenches 15-20cm, apply 60-70kg long-acting ammonium bicarbonate and 10kg of diammonium phosphate, then plow the ridges and apply the fertilizer strips in the planting ditch. Finally, the soil is overwhelmed, and the repair is flat and ready for planting. When planting, apply the fertilizer according to the normal amount of fertilizer, sowing, covering the soil and covering the membrane.
2.2 Application technology on mulch wheat
After the crop is harvested, combine the autumn tillage, mix the sufficient amount of farmyard manure and long-acting ammonium bicarbonate 60-70kg, spread it on the surface, turn it into the depth of 20cm underground, then fine, flatten, simmer, winter irrigation, In the early spring of the second year, the film is planted with a film-seeding machine at the right time, and 667m2 is applied with 20kg of fertilizer diammonium, which is no longer topdressing during the whole growth period.
2.3 Precautions for application.
2.3.1 When long-acting ammonium bicarbonate is used as top dressing, it should be topdressed early to prevent the release of fertilizer effect or the crops to be late.
2.3.2 When long-acting ammonium bicarbonate is used as the base fertilizer, the spacing of the fertilizer should be used to prevent burning and burning.
2.3.3 Long-acting ammonium bicarbonate only meets the crop's need for nitrogen. Phosphate, potassium and trace element fertilizers are still applied as normal.
3. Promotion value
3.1 Long-acting ammonium bicarbonate has a significant effect on promoting crop growth and development, yield and quality. After three years of experiments, the yield increase of field crops is 6%-12%.
3.2 ammonium bicarbonate fertilizer efficiency of long, slow release of nutrients, but also with fertilizer requirement rules of crops are in good agreement, lasting fertilizer to meet crop yield, stable need for nitrogen.
3.3 and fertilizer. Shi ammonium bicarbonate 60-70kg calculated 667m2, 667m2 cost 33-39 membered, nitrogen and the like topdressing urea need 25kg, 667m2 37-42 membered cost, so Shi ammonium bicarbonate, fertilizer cost savings 667m2 3-4 membered .
3.4 provincial workers. As the fertilizer avoid, reduce the work intensity, saving a lot of labor force and editing. Generally, 667m2 can save 2-3 man-hours, and 667m2 can save 30-40 yuan of working hours (calculated by 15 yuan per working hour).
3.5 is the ideal fertilizer for free farming. By combining with herbicides, it provides favorable conditions for free farming and mechanized agriculture.
Author: Zou Tian Hu Xiurong Dai Xinwen
(Agricultural Technology Promotion Center of Kazuo County, Liaoning Province, 122300)
Excerpt from "Beijing Agriculture"
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