Growing rice in the tropical desert? This seemingly impossible task was simply accomplished by Chinese agricultural scientists, and the yield of one of the rice varieties exceeded 520 kg / mu. This is the world's first successful trial of planting rice in a tropical desert. Turning impossible into possible, how did Chinese scientists do it? Our reporter recently visited the test base deep in the Dubai desert.
Growing rice in the desert
The seemingly impossible task, Chinese scientists just completed it
Growing rice in the Dubai desert is due to a multinational invitation. After learning that the sea rice team led by Yuan Longping was successfully tested in China, UAE Vice President and Prime Minister Mohammed quickly dispatched personnel to get in touch with the sea rice team, and invited the sea rice team to go to the local desert for trial rice cultivation in November 2017.
"I didn't believe it when I first received the invitation, but later confirmed it through multiple investigations." Zhang Guodong, deputy director of Qingdao Sea Rice Research and Development Center, admitted frankly, "At first we were also worried. After all, the local land situation is different from China. I ’m not sure about the experimental planting. But thinking that even if it fails, it is an important attempt in the history of human rice cultivation, and we finally accepted the invitation. "
The Dubai desert in midsummer is extremely hot and unbearable, with temperatures as high as nearly 50 degrees Celsius. The windows are covered with white saline land and continuous sand dunes. Occasionally, several desert plants stand proudly on the long yellow sand. After driving for more than an hour, the reporter came to the Dubai Test Base at the Qingdao Sea Rice R & D Center in the desert southeast of Dubai. The sun was shining brightly, the heat wave rushed in, and the eggs cooked on the ground in less than 3 minutes.
There are many factors that are unfavorable for rice growth, including extreme temperature differences between day and night, underground high salinity water levels, low humidity, lack of fresh water, sandstorms, lack of soil aggregate structure, lack of planting resources, etc. For example, in June and July, the surface temperature of Dubai can reach above 54 degrees Celsius, the maximum temperature difference between day and night can reach above 30 degrees Celsius, 7-8 meters underground in the desert is salt water with a salinity of up to 1.6%, and the surface of the land is fine sand, underground 50-80 cm is the weathered rock structure.
"Every time I did a field survey, the sweat dripped down like a rain. My feet were sore with thick rubber shoes, and my pants could not stand the toss of washing three times a day, and several of them broke. The survey was like being soaked in water. It's the same. "Zhang Shuchen, the project's production team leader, took out his own investigation book. Almost every page of the paper was uneven, and the writing had been blurred by sweat.
Graphic-independent
Seeing Zhang Shuchen's bruises on his arm bitten by a gadfly, the reporter couldn't help but ask: Has it been a long time since I came to Dubai? Zhang Shuchen shook his head without hesitation, he said: "I just want to do my job well, while I still have the energy, to provide some basic data for future generations. Especially after the failure of other countries' attempts, we Chinese I ’m so proud. "
After 30 years of agricultural research, Zhang Shuchen still insisted on being in the field. He said that this was inspired by Yuan Longping. "Yuan is nearly ninety years old, but he still insists on operating in the field, which is very admirable." Yuan Longping once said: "Book knowledge and computer technology are also important, but rice can not be grown in books and computers. Rice can only be grown in the field, so you must go to the field."
Sea rice is a visual term for salt-tolerant rice, and it is not planted directly in seawater. "Under the background of the scarcity of freshwater resources, the promotion of sea rice cultivation technology may solve the urgent need." Experts interviewed by this reporter agreed that sea rice cultivation not only saves valuable freshwater resources, but also because it is not weaker than even Exceeding the per mu yield of light rice, it will help the overall improvement of the agricultural technology level of Middle East and North Africa.
It is understood that Dubai has also invited experts from other countries to grow rice, but all failed. The Chinese experts faced the difficulties and, through unremitting efforts, overcame the difficulties one by one and finally succeeded. "The successful trial planting of sea rice is a great boon to the coastal desert area." Mohamed Saleh Mohammed, a member of the Abu Dhabi Emirate for Western Development, told our reporter that Abu Dhabi, which is also a coastal desert terrain Compared with the west, the successful trial planting experience of sea rice is especially worth learning. It proves that it is not impossible to develop a modern ecological agricultural industry chain in the desert.
In response to the news of the successful trial planting of sea rice, UAE netizens posted on social networks one after another, praising China's contribution to world food security. Netizen Shahed commented that this is exciting news for all desertified countries, especially the Middle East and Africa. Netizen Allen commented that this is a huge contribution to the survival of all mankind and will have a major impact on world food security. Netizen Abu Shak believes that this will greatly improve the UAE's grain self-sufficiency and looks forward to tasting sea rice rice.
Ambitious goals-
Rice fields are expected to cover at least 10% of the land in Dubai
In the process of trial rice cultivation, the harsh natural conditions brought a severe test to the project team. "For example, due to high temperature burns, white spikelets come out of the rice ears. If you don't cool down in time, you will give up your efforts. A lot of domestic mature rice planting techniques are not used here, and you have to explore new ones based on local reality. Method. "Zhang Shuchen said.
Nature has not caused problems for the Chinese team. Sandstorms, dry and hot winds, water shortages and other difficulties are coming one after another. For rice growth, these are fatal blows. "Sometimes I'm in a hurry and get irritable, but we will eventually come to the field and find a way to solve the problem." Zhang Shuchen said.
In addition to breeding saline-alkali-tolerant rice varieties adapted to local conditions, the project team also created a desert saline-alkali land improvement technology-"four-dimensional improvement method". According to reports, the "four-dimensional improvement method" is a technical method composed of the four element systems of element Internet of Things system, soil orientation regulator, plant growth regulator and stress-resistant crops. As long as certain conditions are met, saline land can be transformed into a good land within two to three years.
From May to July this year, more than 80 trial rice varieties, including sea rice, matured in batches. On May 26, an international joint production expert group composed of five experts from the International Rice Research Institute and India, Egypt, the UAE and China conducted the production testing of the first mature varieties. The yields of the five varieties tested are: 7.8041 tons / ha, 7.4106 tons / ha, 7.3076 tons / ha, 5.952 tons / ha and 4.8266 tons / ha, these varieties have exceeded the world average of 4.539 tons / ha for rice. In the subsequent period of time, the sea rice team tested the gradually mature varieties and obtained 4 varieties that exceeded the world average. This marks the staged success of the trial planting of sea rice.
According to a report released by the World Bank last year, 12 of the world ’s 15 most water-scarce countries are located in the Middle East and North Africa, including Algeria, Libya, Saudi Arabia, and Yemen. It is worth noting that as the average growth rate of the population in the Middle East continues to rise, the per capita water share of the region has decreased from 2925 cubic meters in 1962 to 743.5 cubic meters in 2011, far below the world average water quota set by the United Nations of 7240 cubic meter.
UAE Minister of Climate Change and Environment Zeyoudi said that strengthening cooperation with China in the field of agriculture is conducive to the UAE's introduction of innovative technological methods to meet the common challenge of food safety. In the future, Algeria will strengthen exchanges with China in fields such as hydroponic cultivation, organic agriculture, wastewater irrigation, pest control, and agricultural development in saline-alkali land.
Muhammad said in a long-term plan developed in cooperation with the Chinese team that in the future, the "sea rice" artificial oasis will cover more than 10% of Dubai's land area, about 600,000 mu. According to estimates by authoritative experts, this is equivalent to solving the problem of eating for one million people.
Building an "artificial oasis"-
Improve local food self-sufficiency
The success of Chinese agricultural scientists in growing rice in the UAE desert has aroused great concern from all parties and believes that this achievement is a miracle and has made its own unique contribution to ensuring global food security.
UAE Ambassador to China Ali Zahiri commented that this is the first successful trial planting of rice in tropical deserts in the world, which will help to enhance the self-sufficiency of food in desert areas and improve the ecological environment in desert areas. UAE Vice President and Prime Minister Muhammad processed the harvested sea rice into exquisite desert sea rice souvenirs, which will be presented to distinguished guests as a future "national gift".
Dubai plans to cooperate with the Qingdao Sea Rice Research and Development Center to establish the "Yuan Longping Middle East and North Africa Seawater Hybrid Rice Research and Promotion Center", which will undertake the mission of testing, optimizing process conditions, technical training and industrialization promotion of sea rice varieties for the Middle East and North Africa . Zhang Guodong said that they will be committed to serving sea rice technology throughout the Arab world based on the preliminary results of the project. "Sea rice is not a simple rice seed, (future cooperation) will not be a simple breeding and cultivation, but a systematic project."
Zhang Guodong said that at present they still need to solve the problems of how to save water on a large scale, reduce labor costs, and precision cultivation. The project team will connect the Internet of Things, big data, artificial intelligence, cloud platform and sensor equipment with China's independent intellectual property rights, through the digital transformation of desert land, so that water and fertilizer can be truly recycled underground, saving water and fertilizer, Reduce manual intervention to help the local build an advanced smart agricultural system.
According to the "Green Dubai" cooperation framework agreement reached by the two parties, the Sea Rice Project team will carry out a four-stage trial and industrialization promotion plan in Dubai. The first stage is a variety experiment. By experimenting with different accumulative temperature rice varieties, exploring suitable germplasm resources, initially grasping the growth rules and application conditions of water and fertilizer in the extreme environment of the desert, and exploring the core plant protection measures for each growth period of rice. The production test in the second half of 2018 is the second phase. Based on the “four-dimensional improvement method†technology, the optimal soil improvement process parameters and the water-soil-fertilizer cycle model will be determined to reduce the production cost of large-scale promotion.
By 2019, the project will start a critical third phase-a 100-hectare "sea rice experimental farm" project. The project team will explore the use of evergreen "artificial oasis" in desert areas to create green ecological real estate. "The fourth stage, the comprehensive promotion stage, will mark the formation of a unique business model for the sea rice industry and achieve independent development that does not rely on subsidies, which is groundbreaking for the modern agricultural industrialization." Said Zhang Guodong, Vietnam, India and Sri Lanka. Many Asian countries have also proposed to cooperate with them to grow sea rice.
The Egyptian “Pyramid†reported that Egypt is experiencing the challenge of food shortages as arable land shrinks, water shortages and population continue to expand. Food security is no longer just about solving the problem of people eating, but also about national economic development and political stability. Therefore, the significance of the promotion of sea rice technology in the Middle East and North Africa region is self-evident, and I hope Egypt can enjoy its dividend as soon as possible.
Saudi Arabia ’s “Arab Gate†website pointed out that China ’s experience in growing rice in the UAE desert can be extended to the entire Middle East region, because the natural conditions and soil environment in other parts of the Middle East are similar to those in the UAE, and it is a miracle to grow rice in the vast desert. , Can reduce the food imports of these countries and strengthen the food security of Middle Eastern countries. The article emphasizes that it is particularly commendable that China has generously assisted Middle Eastern countries, which shows love and brotherhood, and is also a vivid manifestation of China's image of a responsible big country and Chinese wisdom.
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