According to a recent report by the Physicist Organization Network, scientists at the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) have used nanotechnology to make black silicon solar cells with a conversion efficiency of 18.2%. This figure is quite competitive, and technological breakthroughs have also taken a big step toward reducing the cost of solar energy use. Related research papers were published in the online edition of the recent "Nature Nanotechnology" magazine.
Typically, solar cells need to be coated with extra antireflective coatings to reduce energy losses, but this will significantly increase costs. To address this issue, NREL has tailored a nanostructured surface that ensures that solar cells can effectively collect the generated electricity. Researchers fabricated silver nano-islands on silicon wafers and briefly immersed them in liquids to form billions of nanometer-sized holes on the surface of each square inch of silicon wafer. These holes are smaller than the light waves that hit them, so sunlight can't recognize abrupt changes in surface density, which can reduce unwanted solar reflections, and can also save corresponding costs. At the same time, scientists can achieve record-breaking black silicon solar cell conversion efficiency by controlling the nanocomposite carrier recombination and surface chemical composition.
Scientists have found through experimentation that the Auger recombination process involved in the increase in surface area will limit photon aggregation in most nanostructured solar cells, which typically occurs when the cell contains too much dopant. Therefore, they tried to suppress the occurrence of this process by reducing the dopant concentration in the nanostructures, thereby constructing a black silicon solar cell with a conversion efficiency of 18.2%. It gives an ideal response to the entire solar spectrum.
The researchers said that this work has a huge impact on both conventional solar cells and emerging solar cells based on nanowires or nanoparticles, as it has for the first time proven that nanostructured semiconductors can also be used to make well-performing solar cells. In the next step, they will also strive to translate this achievement into industrial practice, and try to make the conversion efficiency of the battery more than 20%, and then expand the application of relevant nanotechnology on thinner solar cells. (Reporter Zhang Hao)
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